{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T16:35:22Z","timestamp":1777048522718,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05380\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05380\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Social Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Discrimination and homonegativity have been consistently linked to poorer mental health outcomes in LGBTQI+ individuals. However, little is known about the role of internal shame and the potential moderating role of social support. This cross-sectional study investigated the impact of discrimination, internal shame, and social support on mental health outcomes in LGBTQI+ individuals, exploring the intersection between gender and sexual orientation. LGBTQI+ participants, especially women, reveal higher levels of discrimination and shame and a stronger impact on mental health outcomes compared to heterosexual counter-partners. Internal shame was found to mediate the impact of discrimination on depression and anxiety. Social support was found to buffer the impact of discrimination on internal shame, depression, and anxiety. These findings have important implications for clinical practice with LGBTQI+ individuals, suggesting that addressing internal shame and building social support networks are central to promoting resilience and mental health. Results also highlight that gender and sexual orientation should be considered in an intersectional approach when addressing gender-based violence and discrimination and its impact on mental health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci12080454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T11:09:44Z","timestamp":1692097784000},"page":"454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Gender, Shame, and Social Support in LGBTQI+ Exposed to Discrimination: A Model for Understanding the Impact on Mental Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9662-4931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Cabral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab\u2013HEI-Lab, Lus\u00f3fona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7581-8961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago Miguel","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab\u2013HEI-Lab, Lus\u00f3fona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1037\/rmh0000068","article-title":"Sexual Identity and Risk Behaviors among Adolescents in Rural Appalachia","volume":"41","author":"Ballard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rural Mental Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-005-4287-4","article-title":"Individual differences in experiences of and responses to guilt and shame: Examining the lenses of gender and gender role","volume":"53","author":"Bursik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1037\/h0098851","article-title":"Discrimination and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States","volume":"84","author":"Bostwick","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jodelet, Denise, Vala, Jorge, and Drozda-Senkowska, Ewa (2020). 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