{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T15:15:32Z","timestamp":1770995732692,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIBD\/00736\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIBD\/00736\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Social Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper explores the effectiveness of cross-border cooperation programmes between Spain and Portugal, focusing on their impact and outcomes in Portuguese regions. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of the programmes, the study examines the socio-economic dynamics in border regions, including job creation, population trends, and investment patterns. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data analysis. We argue that the cross-border territorial cooperation between Spain and Portugal has played a significant role in fostering regional development and addressing common challenges. While the concerted efforts have shown positive results in terms of economic growth and employment, they have not been sufficient to reverse the regressive demographic trends. Thus, it is essential to strengthen cooperation mechanisms, invest in human capital, and foster innovation so that the two countries can work together to create sustainable and inclusive development across their shared border regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci13020108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T03:53:46Z","timestamp":1707450826000},"page":"108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Territorial Cooperation and Cross-Border Development: The Portuguese Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6921-8057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Chamusca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Communication and Society Research Centre (CECS), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1068\/a130037p","article-title":"Europeanizing Territoriality\u2014Towards Soft Spaces?","volume":"46","author":"Allmendinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Barca, Fabrizio (2009). An Agenda for a Reformed Cohesion Policy: A Place-Based Approach to Meeting European Union Challenges and Expectations, Economics and Econometrics Research Institute (EERI). Independent Report Prepared at the Request of Danuta H\u00fcbner, Commissioner for Regional Policy, DG Regional Policy."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beer, Andrew, and Clower, Terry L. (2020). Globalization, Planning and Local Economic Development, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315749624"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/03043754211073463","article-title":"Cross-border cooperation: A global overview","volume":"47","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alternatives"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1080\/00343404.2014.931572","article-title":"European Integration and Knowledge Flows across European Regions","volume":"50","author":"Cappelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regional Studies"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chamusca, Pedro (2023). Public Policies for Territorial Cohesion and Sustainability in Europe: An Overview. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15086890"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"69","article-title":"EU, Spatial Differences and Territorial Dynamics: The Project of \u201cConvergence Territories\u201d in Portugal","volume":"36","author":"Chamusca","year":"2022","journal-title":"AGER: Revista de Estudios Sobre Despoblaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Rural (Journal of Depopulation and Rural Development Studies)"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/08865655.2013.854654","article-title":"Comparing Cross-border Metropolitan Integration in Europe: Towards a Functional Typology","volume":"28","author":"Decoville","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Borderlands Studies"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"EC (2010). Europe 2020: A Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth, Luxembourg Office for Official Publications of the European Communities."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"ESPON (2019). Cross-Border Public Services (CPS), ESPON. Targeted Analysis, Final Report, Main Report, Version 14\/01\/2019."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"European Commission (Interreg Europe 2021\u20132027, 2021). Interreg Europe 2021\u20132027, Cooperation Programme Document."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1068\/a45299","article-title":"Territorial Cohesion, Territorialism, Territoriality, and Soft Planning: A Critical Review","volume":"45","author":"Faludi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1080\/08865655.2017.1402195","article-title":"The Emergence of Urban Border Spaces in Europe","volume":"34","author":"Fauser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Borderlands Studies"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/08865655.2014.916067","article-title":"Belonging and Identity in the European Border Towns: Self-Centered Borders, Hetero-Centered Borders","volume":"29","author":"Gasparini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Borderlands Studies"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khmeleva, Galina Anatolievna, Kurnikova, Marina Viktorovna, Nedelka, Erzs\u00e9bet, and T\u00f3th, Bal\u00e1zs Istv\u00e1n (2022). Determinants of Sustainable Cross-Border Cooperation: A Structural Model for the Hungarian Context Using the PLS-SEM Methodology. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14020893"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medeiros, Eduardo (2018). European Territorial Cooperation, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74887-0"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1177\/0308518X16641413","article-title":"On the socio-technical practices of the European Union territory","volume":"48","author":"Luukkonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medeiros, Eduardo (2018). European Territorial Cooperation. Theoretical and Empirical Approaches to the Process and Impacts of Cross-Border and Transnational Cooperation in Europe, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74887-0"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cstp.2018.11.001","article-title":"Cross-Border Transports and Cross-Border Mobility in EU Border Regions","volume":"7","author":"Medeiros","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Studies on Transport Policy"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"OECD (2022). Regions and Cities at a Glance, OECD."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1068\/a43433","article-title":"Cross-Border Regionalization, the INTERREG III A Initiative, and Local Cooperation at the Finnish-Swedish Border","volume":"43","author":"Prokkola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s12290-009-0079-5","article-title":"Political Cooperation in EUREGIO: Democratic Dimensions in Cross-Border Cooperation","volume":"8","year":"2009","journal-title":"European View"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1068\/a45210","article-title":"The Competition State, City-Regions, and the Territorial Politics of Growth Facilitation","volume":"45","author":"While","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space"}],"container-title":["Social Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0760\/13\/2\/108\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:57:33Z","timestamp":1760104653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0760\/13\/2\/108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["socsci13020108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/socsci13020108","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]}}}