{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:29:14Z","timestamp":1769732954080,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Funds through Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds through Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["FEMS-GO-2020-203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEMS-GO-2020-203"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center (Instituto Superior de Agronomia)","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center (Instituto Superior de Agronomia)","award":["FEMS-GO-2020-203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEMS-GO-2020-203"]}]},{"name":"Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS)","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS)","award":["FEMS-GO-2020-203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEMS-GO-2020-203"]}]},{"name":"University of Sevilla","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"]}]},{"name":"University of Sevilla","award":["FEMS-GO-2020-203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEMS-GO-2020-203"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soil Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Salt-affected soils have detrimental effects on agriculture and ecosystems. However, these soils can still be used for halophyte (salt-tolerant plants) cultivation using brackish and\/or saline water. In this study, we employed soil technologies and mutualistic microorganisms as a sustainable strategy to improve the growth and reproduction of the halophyte Limonium algarvense Erben\u2019s growth and reproduction under saline conditions. A microcosm assay was conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions to cultivate L. algarvense using a saline Fluvisol (FLU) amended\u2014or not\u2014with a Technosol (TEC). Plants were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizoglomus irregulare and\/or a consortium of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), and they were irrigated with estuarine water. Soil enzyme analysis and physicochemical characterisation of the soils, collected at the beginning and at the end of the assay, were carried out. The physiological status of non-inoculated and inoculated plants was monitored during the assay for 4 months, and AMF root colonisation was evaluated. In FLU, only plants inoculated with the AMF survived. These plants had lower number of leaves, and shoot and root dry biomass than the ones grown in the TEC by the end of the assay. In the TEC, PGPB inoculation led to higher NDVI and PRI values, and AMF inoculation promoted higher reproductive development but not pollen fertility. The findings show that the combined use of soil and microbial technologies can be successfully applied to cultivate L. algarvense, suggesting their generalized use for other Limonium species with economic interest, while contributing to the sustainable use of marginal lands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/soilsystems7030074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T10:47:02Z","timestamp":1692269222000},"page":"74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Unravelling the Combined Use of Soil and Microbial Technologies to Optimize Cultivation of Halophyte Limonium algarvense (Plumbaginaceae) Using Saline Soils and Water"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8260-6580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaia","family":"Nogales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Sustainable Plant Protection, Centre de Cabrils, IRTA\u2014Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Ctra. Cabrils Km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1037-2057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvadora","family":"Navarro-Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C. Tramontana, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"given":"Maria Manuela","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3664-839X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika S.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2392-9448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Cortinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5145-493X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalba","family":"Fors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Bailly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"R\u00f3is","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT), Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0142-8351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Delaunay","family":"Caperta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2021.712831","article-title":"Soil Salinity and Sodicity in Drylands: A Review of Causes, Effects, Monitoring, and Restoration Measures","volume":"9","author":"Stavi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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