{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T02:09:39Z","timestamp":1771898979056,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IDUB project\u2014emerging research fields: \u201cMaterial Science and Technology\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Solar"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the purpose of enhancing solar cell efficiency and sustainability, zinc selenide (ZnSe) and silicon (Si) play indispensable roles, offering a compelling combination of stability and transparency while also highlighting their abundant availability. This study utilizes the SCAPS_1D tool to explore diverse heterojunction setups, aiming to solve the nuanced correlation between key parameters and photovoltaic performance, therefore contributing significantly to the advancement of sustainable energy solutions. Exploring the performance analysis of heterojunction solar cell configurations employing ZnSe and Si elements, various configurations including SnO2\/ZnSe\/p_Si\/p+_Si, SnO2\/CdS\/p_Si\/p+_Si, TiO2\/ZnSe\/p_Si\/p+_Si, and TiO2\/CdS\/p_Si\/p+_Si are investigated, delving into parameters such as back surface field thickness (BSF), doping concentration, operating temperature, absorber layer properties, electron transport layer properties, interface defects, series and shunt resistance. Among these configurations, the SnO2\/ZnSe\/p_Si\/p+_Si configuration with a doping concentration of 1019 cm\u22123 and a BSF thickness of 2 \u03bcm, illustrates a remarkable conversion efficiency of 22.82%, a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 40.33 mA\/cm2, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.73 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 77.05%. Its environmentally friendly attributes position it as a promising contender for advanced photovoltaic applications. This work emphasizes the critical role of parameter optimization in propelling solar cell technologies toward heightened efficiency and sustainability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/solar5030029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T08:23:22Z","timestamp":1750839802000},"page":"29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optimizing Zinc Selenide and Silicon-Based Heterojunction Solar Cells for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Amina","family":"Laouid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Science for Energy Lab, National School of Applied Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University of El Jadida, El Jadida 24000, Morocco"},{"name":"Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland"},{"name":"Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7465-9842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amine","family":"Alaoui Belghiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Science for Energy Lab, National School of Applied Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University of El Jadida, El Jadida 24000, Morocco"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2366-8743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Abouais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Science for Energy Lab, National School of Applied Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University of El Jadida, El Jadida 24000, Morocco"},{"name":"Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0681-7727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Wisniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland"},{"name":"Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8026-1988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mouhaydine","family":"Tlem\u00e7ani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sci-Tech Research in Earth System and Energy\u2014CREATE, Instrumentation and Control Laboratory- LAICA, Escola de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Evora, 7000-671 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"P\u0142\u00f3ciennik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}]},{"given":"Abdelowahed","family":"Hajjaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Science for Energy Lab, National School of Applied Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University of El Jadida, El Jadida 24000, Morocco"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1599-5675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Zawadzka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland"},{"name":"Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167990","DOI":"10.1080\/23311916.2016.1167990","article-title":"A review of renewable energy sources, sustainability issues and climate change mitigation","volume":"3","author":"Owusu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cogent Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13337-3","article-title":"Nature and climate change effects on economic growth: An LSTM experiment on renewable energy resources","volume":"28","author":"Mele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. 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