{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T03:59:33Z","timestamp":1776916773228,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (\u201cFunda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u201d)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/41155\/2007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/41155\/2007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Volleyball players develop shoulder sports-related adaptations due to repetitive overhead motions. It is essential to differentiate between these sports-related adaptations and pathological patterns in clinical assessments, particularly on scapular resting posture and scapulohumeral rhythm. Using an electromagnetic tracking system, the 3D shoulder kinematics of 30 male elite asymptomatic volleyball players and a matching control group were recorded at rest and in eight humeral elevation positions, in 15-degree increments from 15 to 120 degrees. The results indicated that the dominant scapular resting posture of the volleyball group was more anteriorly tilted than the control group (Volleyball: mean = \u221212.02\u00b0, STD = 4.16\u00b0; Control: mean = \u22127.45\u00b0, STD = 5.42\u00b0; Mean difference = 4.57\u00b0; STD = 6.85\u00b0; CI95% = 2.1\u00b0 to 7.1\u00b0). The scapulohumeral rhythm in the volleyball group showed greater scapular internal rotation (Volleyball: mean = 41.60\u00b0, STD = 9.14\u00b0; Control: mean = 35.60\u00b0, STD = 6.03\u00b0; mean difference = 6.02\u00b0, STD = 1.47\u00b0; CI95% = 4.80\u00b0 to 7.25\u00b0) and anterior tilt (Volleyball: mean = \u22129.10\u00b0, STD = 5.87\u00b0; mean = \u22122.3\u00b0, STD = 9.18\u00b0; mean difference = 6.88\u00b0, STD = 0.66\u00b0; CI95% = 6.34\u00b0 to 7.43\u00b0). These findings suggest that volleyball players have developed a sports-related scapular adaptive pattern. This information may be valuable for clinical assessment and rehabilitation planning in injured volleyball players and may aid in the decision-making process for determining a safe return-to-play after a shoulder injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sports11060114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T01:32:34Z","timestamp":1686274354000},"page":"114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Scapular Resting Posture and Scapulohumeral Rhythm Adaptations in Volleyball Players: Implications for Clinical Shoulder Assessment in Athletes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7389-1452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augusto Gil","family":"Pascoal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics and Functional Morphology Laboratory (BFML), Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9706-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISAVE, Instituto Superior de Sa\u00fade, Rua Castelo de Almourol 13, P-4720-155 Amares, Portugal"},{"name":"CIR, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Doutor Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 400, P-4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3292-0712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Infante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Expertise Laboratory (LPD), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738110374624","article-title":"Upper limb biomechanics during the volleyball serve and spike","volume":"2","author":"Reeser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/1747954119899881","article-title":"A systematic review of volleyball spike kinematics: Implications for practice and research","volume":"15","author":"Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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