{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T03:52:33Z","timestamp":1772596353213,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015494","name":"FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015494","name":"FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7333\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7333\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015494","name":"FCT\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["uid\/04213\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["uid\/04213\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Institute of Applied Research (i2A) of the Polytechnic of Coimbra","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Applied Research (i2A) of the Polytechnic of Coimbra","award":["7333\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7333\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Applied Research (i2A) of the Polytechnic of Coimbra","award":["uid\/04213\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["uid\/04213\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit in Applied Sports Sciences (ASSERT)","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit in Applied Sports Sciences (ASSERT)","award":["7333\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7333\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit in Applied Sports Sciences (ASSERT)","award":["uid\/04213\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["uid\/04213\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CIDAF","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CIDAF","award":["7333\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7333\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CIDAF","award":["uid\/04213\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["uid\/04213\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The way in which group fitness instructors observe participants has a great influence on their pedagogical intervention. Based on the above, the main objective of this research is to characterize and compare their gaze patterns according to their training and professional experience. Twenty group fitness instructors of choreographed classes participated, aged between 18 and 42 years old, and for the comparison, four groups were created. Eye movements were captured with TOBII Pro Glasses 3, and data were coded and analyzed using the TOBII Pro Lab software. For the characterization of the gaze patterns, descriptive statistics were used in terms of count (f\/m) and duration (s\/m), while the comparison was performed using a one-way ANOVA test. More trained and experienced instructors tend to look at participants less, in count (80.59 \u00b1 0.74) and duration (17.74 \u00b1 0.71), with significant differences between the groups in some areas of interest (head, lower body, and other). There are also significant differences in the total number of eye fixations (F = 34.614; p = 0.001; \u03b72 = 0.866; effect size very high). In conclusion, and projecting future works, it is important to understand how these gaze patterns are related to pedagogical behaviors in general or based on some specific factors (e.g., pedagogical feedback).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sports11080153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T11:06:16Z","timestamp":1692097576000},"page":"153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Gaze Patterns of Group Fitness Instructors Based on Different Levels of Training and Professional Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1990-0589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o de Coimbra, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Delega\u00e7\u00e3o da Covilh\u00e3, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0334-3503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina M.","family":"Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7536-9780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2433-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o de Coimbra, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1812-2300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o de Coimbra, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Delega\u00e7\u00e3o da Covilh\u00e3, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker, J., and Farrow, D. 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