{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:38:14Z","timestamp":1776094694184,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To compare the effects of short-term 8 week heavy-resistance or plyometric training protocols (HRT or PLY) incorporated into regular soccer practice on measures of neuromuscular functional performance in professional soccer players, a single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. Methods: Forty-seven participants aged 22.3 \u00b1 3.52 years were assigned to three groups: HRT (n = 15), PLY (n = 15), and control (CON; n = 17). The HRT group performed 3 sets and 10 repetitions twice a week using 80% of their baseline 1-RM (weeks 1\u20133), followed by 8 repetitions at 85% 1-RM (weeks 4\u20136), and 6 repetitions at 90% 1-RM (weeks 7\u20138) of 6 lower-body strength exercises with a 1 min rest period between sets. The PLY protocol involved a preparatory phase (weeks 1\u20132), followed by two 3-week progressive periods (weeks 3\u20135 and weeks 6\u20138). The plyometric sessions consisted of four jump exercises\/drills with progressively increasing number of sets and total number of foot contacts. The rest intervals between repetitions and sets were 15 and 90 s, respectively. Outcome measures included tests assessing 10 and 30 m speed (t10m and t30m), one-repetition maximum half-back squat (1-RM squat), isokinetic peak torques for the quadriceps and hamstring muscles (Qcon and Hcon), countermovement jump (CMJ), and squat jump (SJ). Results: Two-way ANOVA detected main effects of time and group\u00d7time interactions for all examined variables, except t30m, 1-RM, and relative 1-RM. Post hoc analyses revealed significant increases in the HRT group (t10m: 6.3%, t30m: 7.1%; absolute 1-RM: 29.6%; relative 1-RM: 30.3%, Qcon: 24.5%; Hcon: 14.4%; CMJ: 5.9%; SJ: 7.2%, all p &lt; 0.001) and the PLY group (t10m: 3.1%; t30m: 4.1%; absolute 1-RM:19.1%; relative 1-RM: 20.3%; Qcon: 12.6%; Hcon: 8.7%; CMJ: 3.3%; SJ: 3.5%, all p &lt; 0.001). HRT was superior compared to PLY in relative 1-RM, Qcon and Hcon (all p &lt; 0.001). In addition, we found knee muscular strength imbalance in 70.5% of participants from the total sample (H\/Q ratio &lt; 60%). The HRT and PLY protocols resulted in improved neuromuscular functional performance compared to the regular soccer regime. Conclusions: This study showed that during the pre-competitive season, additional HRT and PLY drills\/exercises as a substitute for standard soccer training as part of a regular 90 min practice twice a week for 8 weeks, can produce acute physical performance-enhancing effects in professional soccer players.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sports11100193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T07:47:52Z","timestamp":1696405672000},"page":"193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Short-Term Effects of Lower-Extremity Heavy Resistance versus High-Impact Plyometric Training on Neuromuscular Functional Performance of Professional Soccer Players"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6517-4034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Boraczy\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4808-8374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9475-2868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek J.","family":"Nowakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8701-0567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James J.","family":"Laskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2019.87045","article-title":"Effects of in-season enhanced negative work-based vs traditional weight training on change of direction and hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio in soccer players","volume":"36","author":"Coratella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Sport."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2015.1064155","article-title":"The relationship between lower-limb strength and match-related muscle damage in elite level professional European soccer players","volume":"33","author":"Owen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000881988.39842.47","article-title":"Lower limb\u2019s lateral and functional asymmetries and mechanical performance in professional soccer players","volume":"54","author":"Mjaanes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1911","article-title":"The Differentiate Effects of Resistance Training with or without External Load on Young Soccer Players\u2019 Performance and Body Composition","volume":"12","author":"Clemente","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0977-5478","article-title":"Eccentric-concentric ratio: A key factor for defining strength training in soccer","volume":"40","author":"Sanchez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2022.308","article-title":"Internal Validity in Resistance Training Research: A Systematic Review","volume":"21","author":"Makaruk","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1519","article-title":"Ballistic Exercise Versus Heavy Resistance Exercise Protocols: Which Resistance Priming Is More Effective for Improving Neuromuscular Performance on the Following Day?","volume":"10","author":"Nishioka","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2019.01.006","article-title":"Combining higher-load and lower-load resistance training exercises: A systematic review and meta-analysis of findings from complex training studies","volume":"22","author":"Bauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cormier, P., Freitas, T.T., and Seaman, K. (2021). A systematic review of resistance training methodologies for the development of lower body concentric mean power, peak power, and mean propulsive power in team-sport athletes. Sports Biomech., 1\u201334.","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2021.1948601"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000471","article-title":"Autoregulated resistance training: Does velocity-based training represent the future?","volume":"41","author":"Nevin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Strength Cond. J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0451-3","article-title":"Effect of training leading to repetition failure on muscular strength: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Davies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2014-0014","article-title":"Short-term performance effects of three different low-volume strength-training programmes in college male soccer players","volume":"40","author":"Brito","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-015-0006-z","article-title":"Strength training in soccer with a specific focus on highly trained players","volume":"1","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med.-Open."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01172-z","article-title":"The acute neuromuscular responses to cluster set resistance training: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Latella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3432","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003899","article-title":"Traditional free-weight vs. variable resistance training applied to elite young soccer players during a short preseason: Effects on strength, speed, and power performance","volume":"36","author":"Loturco","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"950","article-title":"Effects of combined power band resistance training on sprint speed, agility, vertical jump height, and strength in collegiate soccer players","volume":"13","author":"Katushabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Exerc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c7c5fd","article-title":"Short-Term Effects of Complex and Contrast Training in Soccer Players\u2019 Vertical Jump, Sprint, and Agility Abilities","volume":"24","author":"Rebelo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"369","article-title":"The effect of a combined high-intensity strength and speed training program on the running and jumping ability of soccer players","volume":"19","author":"Kotzamanidis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.22631\/ijaep.v6i4.194","article-title":"Effects of low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction on muscle size and strength of professional soccer players with muscle imbalance","volume":"6","author":"Denadai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Exerc. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"75","article-title":"The effect of heavy-vs. light-load jump squats on the development of strength, power, and speed","volume":"16","author":"McBride","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-023-00568-6","article-title":"Plyometric-Jump Training Effects on Physical Fitness and Sport-Specific Performance According to Maturity: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Sortwell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Med.-Open."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2019-0565","article-title":"The effects of lower-extremity plyometric training on soccer-specific outcomes in adult male soccer players: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Brauers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aloui, G., Hermassi, S., Hayes, L.D., Bouhafs, E.G., Chelly, M.S., and Schwesig, R. (2021). Loaded Plyometrics and Short Sprints with Change-of-Direction Training Enhance Jumping, Sprinting, Agility, and Balance Performance of Male Soccer Players. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11125587"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"760","article-title":"Current concepts of plyometric exercise","volume":"10","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001094","article-title":"Comparative effects of in-season full-back squat, resisted sprint training, and plyometric training on explosive performance in U-19 elite soccer players","volume":"30","author":"Carrascal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00742","article-title":"Effects of unloaded vs. loaded plyometrics on speed and power performance of elite young soccer players","volume":"8","author":"Kobal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0063","article-title":"Short-term training effects of vertically and horizontally oriented exercises on neuromuscular performance in professional soccer players","volume":"9","author":"Yanci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01340-6","article-title":"Effects of vertically and horizontally orientated plyometric training on physical performance: A meta-analytical comparison","volume":"51","author":"Moran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2016.1222280","article-title":"Effects of horizontal plyometric training volume on soccer players\u2019 performance","volume":"24","author":"Yanci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181e2728f","article-title":"Effects of in-season short-term plyometric training program on leg power, jump-and sprint performance of soccer players","volume":"24","author":"Chelly","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001962","article-title":"Comparison between unilateral and bilateral plyometric training on single-and double-leg jumping performance and strength","volume":"33","author":"Bogdanis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2022.107484","article-title":"Effects of plyometric jump training on soccer player\u2019s balance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials","volume":"39","author":"Clemente","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Sport."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1177\/1747954116667108","article-title":"The efficacy of vertical vs. horizontal plyometric training on speed, jumping performance and agility in soccer players","volume":"11","author":"Manouras","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Sci. Coach."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1139\/H08-026","article-title":"Effects of weight lifting training combined with plyometric exercises on physical fitness, body composition, and knee extension velocity during kicking in football","volume":"33","author":"Olmedillas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182474356","article-title":"Moderate running and plyometric training during off-season did not show a significant difference on soccer-related high-intensity performances compared with no-training controls","volume":"26","author":"Nakamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramirez-Campillo, R., Moran, J., Oliver, J.L., Pedley, J.S., Lloyd, R.S., and Granacher, U. (2022). Programming plyometric-jump training in soccer: A review. Sports, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports10060094"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0440-9","article-title":"Optimal warm-up stimuli of muscle activation to enhance short and long-term acute jumping performance","volume":"100","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2016.11.010","article-title":"Effects of light-load maximal lifting velocity weight training vs. combined weight training and plyometrics on sprint, vertical jump and strength performance in adult soccer players","volume":"20","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181a4e88e","article-title":"Functional performance, maximal strength, and power characteristics in isometric and dynamic actions of lower extremities in soccer players","volume":"23","author":"Requena","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b86c40","article-title":"Effects of a back squat training program on leg power, jump, and sprint performances in junior soccer players","volume":"23","author":"Chelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2020-0045","article-title":"Relationships between measures of functional and isometric lower body strength, aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, sprint and countermovement jump performance in professional soccer players","volume":"75","author":"Podstawski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002428","article-title":"Effects of plyometric and resistance training on muscle strength, explosiveness, and neuromuscular function in young adolescent soccer players","volume":"32","author":"McKinlay","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182030edb","article-title":"Effects of 8-week in-season upper and lower limb heavy resistance training on the peak power, throwing velocity, and sprint performance of elite male handball players","volume":"25","author":"Hermassi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000128199.23901.2F","article-title":"Use of RPE-based training load in soccer","volume":"36","author":"Impellizzeri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318280c9e9","article-title":"Effects of plyometric training volume and training surface on explosive strength","volume":"27","author":"Andrade","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2019.1643726","article-title":"The influence of youth soccer players\u2019 sprint performance on the different sided games\u2019 external load using GPS devices","volume":"28","author":"Castillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535060-00004","article-title":"Physiology of soccer","volume":"35","author":"Chamari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000991","article-title":"Postactivation potentation effects from accommodating resistance combined with heavy back squats on short sprint performance","volume":"29","author":"Wyland","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"8","article-title":"Differences in loaded and unloaded vertical jumping ability and sprinting performance between Brazilian elite under-20 and senior soccer players","volume":"2","author":"Loturco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0866","article-title":"The increased effectiveness of loaded versus unloaded plyometric jump training in improving muscle power, speed, change of direction, and kicking-distance performance in prepubertal male soccer players","volume":"15","author":"Negra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.665940","article-title":"Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in professional football","volume":"30","author":"Faude","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0227-1","article-title":"Increases in lower-body strength transfer positively to sprint performance: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Seitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318291b8c7","article-title":"Relationships between strength, sprint, and jump performance in well-trained youth soccer players","volume":"28","author":"Comfort","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b2b8aa","article-title":"Relationship between maximal squat strength and five, ten, and forty yard sprint times","volume":"23","author":"McBride","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2002.002071","article-title":"Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players","volume":"38","author":"Castagna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001243","article-title":"Effects of strength training on squat and sprint performance in soccer players","volume":"30","author":"Styles","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31822a5cbf","article-title":"Are changes in maximal squat strength during preseason training reflected in changes in sprint performance in rugby league players?","volume":"26","author":"Comfort","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181a4e7f0","article-title":"Lower limb maximal dynamic strength and agility determinants in elite basketball players","volume":"23","author":"Chaouachi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10507","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10507","article-title":"Changes in sprint performance and sagittal plane kinematics after heavy resisted sprint training in professional soccer players","volume":"8","author":"Lahti","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001733","article-title":"Neuromuscular fatigue and recovery after heavy resistance, jump, and sprint training","volume":"50","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2015.1081394","article-title":"Transference effect of vertical and horizontal plyometrics on sprint performance of high-level U-20 soccer players","volume":"33","author":"Loturco","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01027.2005","article-title":"Stretch-shortening cycle exercises: An effective training paradigm to enhance power output of human single muscle fibers","volume":"100","author":"Malisoux","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-865845","article-title":"Electromyostimulation and plyometric training effects on jumping and sprint time","volume":"27","author":"Herrero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001216","article-title":"Changes in sprint and jump performances after traditional, plyometric, and combined resistance training in male youth pre-and post-peak height velocity","volume":"30","author":"Lloyd","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3274","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182163085","article-title":"Enhancing jump performance after combined vs. maximal power, heavy-resistance, and plyometric training alone","volume":"25","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001609","article-title":"Effects of different combinations of strength, power, and plyometric training on the physical performance of elite young soccer players","volume":"31","author":"Kobal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.2165\/11318370-000000000-00000","article-title":"Neuro-musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity plyometric training","volume":"40","author":"Markovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Hoff, J., and Helgerud, J. (2003). Football (Soccer): New Developments in Physical Training Research, NTNU."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Hoff, J., and Helgerud, J. (2003). Football (Soccer): New Developments in Physical Training Research, NTNU."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1559686","article-title":"Knee extension strength and hamstrings-to-quadriceps imbalances in elite soccer players","volume":"37","author":"Bogdanis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.644249","article-title":"Isokinetic hamstrings-to-quadriceps peak torque ratio: The influence of sport modality, gender, and angular velocity","volume":"30","author":"Andrade","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2014.986185","article-title":"Fatigue affects peak joint torque angle in hamstrings but not in quadriceps","volume":"33","author":"Coratella","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000766","article-title":"Lower-extremity strength ratios of professional soccer players according to field position","volume":"29","author":"Ruas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381221095096","article-title":"Comparison of the H: Q Ratio Between the Dominant and Nondominant Legs of Soccer Players: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"15","author":"Lutz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Health."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12209","article-title":"Hamstrings-to-quadriceps strength and size ratios of male professional soccer players with muscle imbalance","volume":"36","author":"Denadai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508316764","article-title":"Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: A prospective study","volume":"36","author":"Croisier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.26603\/ijspt20171103","article-title":"Isokinetic knee muscle strength profile in Brazilian male soccer, futsal, and beach soccer players: A cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Mascarin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002609","article-title":"Hamstring-to-quadriceps torque ratios of professional male soccer players: A systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Baroni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318196b7c6","article-title":"Determining variables of plyometric training for improving vertical jump height performance: A meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Kellis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.035113","article-title":"Does plyometric training improve vertical jump height? A meta-analytical review","volume":"41","author":"Markovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2008.00780.x","article-title":"Muscular strength, functional performances and injury risk in professional and junior elite soccer players","volume":"19","author":"Lehance","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-107249","article-title":"Traditional periodization versus optimum training load applied to soccer players: Effects on neuromuscular abilities","volume":"37","author":"Loturco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004304","article-title":"Effects of Concurrent Resistance and Endurance Training Using Continuous or Intermittent Protocols on Muscle Hypertrophy: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis","volume":"37","author":"Hoffman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."}],"container-title":["Sports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4663\/11\/10\/193\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:05:11Z","timestamp":1760130311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4663\/11\/10\/193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["sports11100193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sports11100193","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4663","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]}}}