{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:42:43Z","timestamp":1760060563702,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa doEstado do Rio de Janeiro","award":["E-26\/211.104\/2021","88881.708719\/2022-01","88887.708718\/2022-00","001","ED481B-2024-077","UIDB\/04045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/211.104\/2021","88881.708719\/2022-01","88887.708718\/2022-00","001","ED481B-2024-077","UIDB\/04045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamentode Pessoal","award":["E-26\/211.104\/2021","88881.708719\/2022-01","88887.708718\/2022-00","001","ED481B-2024-077","UIDB\/04045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/211.104\/2021","88881.708719\/2022-01","88887.708718\/2022-00","001","ED481B-2024-077","UIDB\/04045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Xunta de Galicia (Conseller\u00eda de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n, Formaci\u00f3n Profesional y Universidades)","award":["E-26\/211.104\/2021","88881.708719\/2022-01","88887.708718\/2022-00","001","ED481B-2024-077","UIDB\/04045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/211.104\/2021","88881.708719\/2022-01","88887.708718\/2022-00","001","ED481B-2024-077","UIDB\/04045\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["E-26\/211.104\/2021","88881.708719\/2022-01","88887.708718\/2022-00","001","ED481B-2024-077","UIDB\/04045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/211.104\/2021","88881.708719\/2022-01","88887.708718\/2022-00","001","ED481B-2024-077","UIDB\/04045\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Acute neuromuscular fatigue impairs athletic performance and increases the risk of musculoskeletal injury. Recovery strategies such as manual massage (MM) and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) have been proposed to mitigate these effects, although their efficacy in elite youth soccer remains under debate. Objective: To compare the acute effects of MM and IPC on muscle damage recovery, lower limb strength, and power in Brazilian Under-20 soccer athletes. Methods: A randomized crossover study was conducted with twenty male youth athletes (18.65 \u00b1 0.67 years) from the under-20 category of Paysandu Sport Club\u2014Brazil. Each athlete underwent both MM and IPC interventions, separated by a seven-day washout. Variables assessed included serum creatine kinase (CK), quadricep and hamstring isometric voluntary contraction (IVC), and vertical jump (VJ). Results: MM resulted in a CK reduction of \u0394 = \u221277.1 U\/L (p = 0.042; d = 0.37), indicating a moderate effect size, while IPC induced a larger reduction of \u0394 = \u2212138.0 U\/L (p = 0.160; d = 1.41), with a very large effect size despite the lack of statistical significance. Neither intervention produced significant changes in quadricep or hamstring IVC, nor in VJ height (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: Both MM (statistical difference) and IPC (clinical difference) were viable recovery strategies for attenuating acute serum CK without impairing neuromuscular performance in elite under-20 soccer players.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sports13090304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T15:15:57Z","timestamp":1756912557000},"page":"304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Pneumatic Compression and Manual Massage on Recovery and Performance in Elite Brazilian Under-20 Soccer Players: A Crossover Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tiago Costa","family":"Esteves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Augusto Motta (PPGCR, UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro 21031-060, Brazil"},{"name":"Undergraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Faculdade Inspirar, Bel\u00e9m 66055-080, Brazil"}]},{"given":"J\u00falio Cesar de Oliveira Muniz","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Augusto Motta (PPGCR, UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro 21031-060, Brazil"}]},{"given":"J\u00falio Guilherme","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (PPGCR, UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2763-2847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"R\u00faa-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, 15179 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"},{"name":"School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90690-200, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96055-630, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Luciano Teixeira","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Augusto Motta (PPGCR, UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro 21031-060, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Laercio Brehner","family":"Gemaque do Couto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Undergraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Faculdade Inspirar, Bel\u00e9m 66055-080, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5399-7797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Vila\u00e7a-Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Exercise and Health, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1866-553X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Est\u00eav\u00e3o Rios","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Augusto Motta (PPGCR, UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro 21031-060, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biopsychosocial Health, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Augusto Motta (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro 21041-020, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Igor Ramathur","family":"Telles de Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Augusto Motta (PPGCR, UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro 21031-060, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535030-00004","article-title":"The Mechanisms of Massage and Effects on Performance, Muscle Recovery and Injury Prevention","volume":"35","author":"Weerapong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daki\u0107, M., Toski\u0107, L., Ili\u0107, V., \u0110uri\u0107, S., Dopsaj, M., and \u0160imenko, J. (2023). The Effects of Massage Therapy on Sport and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports11060110"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1337944","article-title":"Does Intermittent Pneumatic Leg Compression Enhance Muscle Recovery after Strenuous Eccentric Exercise?","volume":"34","author":"Cochrane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0207","article-title":"Pneumatic Compression Fails to Improve Performance Recovery in Trained Cyclists","volume":"13","author":"Overmayer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092456","article-title":"Compression Garments and Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"48","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-019-0219-7","article-title":"Monitoring the Athlete Match Response: Can External Load Variables Predict Post-Match Acute and Residual Fatigue in Soccer? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis","volume":"5","author":"Hader","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med. Open"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiecha, S., Jarocka, M., Wi\u015bniowski, P., Cie\u015bli\u0144ski, M., Price, S., Makaruk, B., Kotowska, J., Drabarek, D., Cie\u015bli\u0144ski, I., and Sacewicz, T. (2021). The Efficacy of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression and Negative Pressure Therapy on Muscle Function, Soreness and Serum Indices of Muscle Damage: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-021-00373-2"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02071-8","article-title":"Assessment of Strength and Power Capacities in Elite Male Soccer: A Systematic Review of Test Protocols Used in Practice and Research","volume":"54","author":"Asimakidis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sousa Neto, I.V.d., Sousa, N.M.F.d., Neto, F.R., Falk Neto, J.H., and Tibana, R.A. (2022). Time Course of Recovery Following CrossFit\u00ae Karen Benchmark Workout in Trained Men. Front. Physiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.899652"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2024.133665","article-title":"Effects of Lower-Limb Intermittent Pneumatic Compression on Sports Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"41","author":"Maia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2021.07.010","article-title":"The Acute Effect of Two Massage Techniques on Functional Capability and Balance in Recreationally Trained Older Adult Women: A Cross-over Study","volume":"28","author":"Abrantes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"82","article-title":"Specific and cross over effects of massage for muscle soreness: Randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Jay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"322","article-title":"Acute Effect of Resistance Training Volume on Hormonal Responses in Trained Men","volume":"51","author":"Leite","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2478\/v10197-011-0008-4","article-title":"Effect of Different Types of Recovery on Blood Lactate Removal After Maximum Exercise","volume":"18","author":"Ferreira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pol. J. Sport Tour."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinto-Ramos, J., Moreira, T., Costa, F., Tavares, H., Cabral, J., Costa-Santos, C., Barroso, J., Sousa-Pinto, B., and Shaharudin, S. (2022). Handheld Dynamometer Reliability to Measure Knee Extension Strength in Rehabilitation Patients\u2014A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268254"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2011.09.009","article-title":"Muscle Soreness and Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness","volume":"31","author":"Lewis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"174","article-title":"Effects of Massage on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness, Swelling, and Recovery of Muscle Function","volume":"40","author":"Zainuddin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, J., Li, L., Gong, Y., Zhu, R., Xu, J., Zou, J., and Chen, X. (2017). Massage Alleviates Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness after Strenuous Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Physiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00747"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0017","article-title":"Hemodynamic Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression on Athletes: A Double-Blinded Randomized Crossover Study","volume":"19","author":"Maia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.37.1.72","article-title":"The effects of massage on delayed onset muscle soreness","volume":"37","author":"Hilbert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"37","article-title":"Evaluating the influence of massage on leg strength, swelling, and pain following a half-marathon","volume":"3","author":"Dawson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2019-000614","article-title":"Effect of Sports Massage on Performance and Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00784.2017","article-title":"Enhanced Muscle Blood Flow with Intermittent Pneumatic Compression of the Lower Leg during Plantar Flexion Exercise and Recovery","volume":"124","author":"Zuj","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Sports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4663\/13\/9\/304\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:38:51Z","timestamp":1760035131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4663\/13\/9\/304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["sports13090304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sports13090304","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4663"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4663"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]}}}