{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T08:53:07Z","timestamp":1768985587490,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":185,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stresses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic pain represents a complex and debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide, significantly compromising their quality of life. The conventional approach to treating this type of pain often relies on the use of opioid analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. While these agents are effective in the short term, they present several limitations, including the risk of dependence, severe side effects, and, in some cases, ineffectiveness in reducing pain. In this context, medical cannabis has emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative, given its potential ability to relieve pain effectively with a favorable safety profile. This work aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the existing literature on the effects of medical cannabis in the treatment of chronic pain. Cannabis sativa contains several pharmacologically active compounds, the most prominent of which are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u22069-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), which interact with the body\u2019s endocannabinoid system, thereby modulating the pain response. Clinical evidence has shown that cannabinoids can significantly reduce the intensity of chronic pain, particularly in cases of neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, and other painful conditions that are unresponsive to conventional treatments. However, the full integration of medical cannabis into clinical practice faces significant obstacles, including the need for standardized dosing, long-term safety data, and regulatory frameworks. These issues, alongside concerns over adverse effects and drug interactions, must be addressed to unlock the full therapeutic potential of cannabinoids, particularly for chronic pain patients, who endure both physical suffering and the added burden of stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/stresses5010007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T09:01:02Z","timestamp":1736931662000},"page":"7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cannabis for Chronic Pain: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0617-3538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Matos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS.UFP@RISE, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Tecnologias e Servi\u00e7os de Sa\u00fade, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Teresa","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6467-4766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6116-9593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Ferreira","family":"Vinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1310-4696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Moutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS.UFP@RISE, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Tecnologias e Servi\u00e7os de Sa\u00fade, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9884-4751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS.UFP@RISE, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Tecnologias e Servi\u00e7os de Sa\u00fade, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Day, M.A., Ciol, M.A., Mendoza, M.E., Borckardt, J., Ehde, D.M., Newman, A.K., Chan, J.F., Drever, S.A., Friedly, J.L., and Burns, J. (2024). The effects of telehealth-delivered mindfulness meditation, cognitive therapy, and behavioral activation for chronic low back pain: A randomized clinical trial. 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