{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T18:37:46Z","timestamp":1764700666798,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Land-Use\/Cover Change (LUCC) reacts to demographic pressures, economic trends, or improved transport networks. Urban growth with implications on LUCC patterns can be measured using a diversity of methods. Our study derives from Tobler\u2019s first law of geography: \u2018everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant ones\u2019. We identified and measured the influence of neighbouring distance on urban growth from the edge of existing urban areas. For that, we have developed a method, built using the NetLogo software tool, which we called Land-use chAnge and Neighbouring Distance (LAND). We selected Torres Vedras (Portugal) to conduct our case study due to its increasing urban development in the past few years. The periods of analysis were 1995\u20132010, 1995\u20132007, and 2007\u20132010. The results have shown the influence and the effect of strong spatial correlation between the proximity of existing artificial surfaces and the emergence of new ones. The understanding of the patterns of urban growth is helpful to plan forward land developments. This method can be used to write guidelines for decision makers to monitor urban expansion and define spatial planning priorities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su10051308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T03:22:45Z","timestamp":1524626565000},"page":"1308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Assessing the Effect of Spatial Proximity on Urban Growth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8703-1763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"G\u00e9ographie-cit\u00e9s, UMR 8504, Universit\u00e9 Paris 1 Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Geogr\u00e1ficos (CEG), Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio (IGOT), Universidade de Lisboa (UL), 1600-276 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3942-9157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Banos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G\u00e9ographie-cit\u00e9s, UMR 8504, Universit\u00e9 Paris 1 Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne, 75006 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Abrantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEGOT, Dep. Geografia, FLUP, Universidade do Porto (UP), 4150-564 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7228-6330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Geogr\u00e1ficos (CEG), Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio (IGOT), Universidade de Lisboa (UL), 1600-276 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20666","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704119104","article-title":"The emergence of land change science for global","volume":"104","author":"Turner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.energy.28.050302.105459","article-title":"Dynamics of land-use and land-cover change in tropical regions","volume":"28","author":"Lambin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. 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