{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T03:52:36Z","timestamp":1769831556105,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, cooperation among nations has become a critical issue towards sustainable development of neighbor cities in border areas. In this regard, sustainable common planning approaches and policies are an increasing reality, particularly in European territories. Considering the significant amount of cross-border cooperation (CBC) projects and strategies within Europe, it is crucial to promote research approaches that are able to identify the most positive approaches towards the establishment of alliances in border territories, serving as pivotal methodologies for achieving success. Contextually, the present study considered direct and indirect research methods and tools, literature reviews, data collection, computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) and computer-assisted web interview (CAWI), all applied over two European border cities: Cieszyn (Poland) and Cesky Tesin (Czech Republic). These methods enabled the assembly of perspectives of local authorities, public and private institutions, non-governmental organizations, and entrepreneurs from the cities under study. Through the analysis of the collected data, five conditions have been identified for the success of strategic alliances in CBC projects: (i) well defining the alliance goals; (ii) ensuring participation in the alliance of various groups of stakeholders; (iii) involvement of both partners with extensive experience in CBC; (iv) ensuring the coherence of the key objective; and (v) guaranteeing the alliance benefits both sides. These conditions might effectively contribute to achieve more successful outputs in CBC projects, highlighting the relevance of previously developed strategies on the definition of future approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su10051416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]],"date-time":"2018-05-04T03:08:21Z","timestamp":1525403301000},"page":"1416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Sustainable Planning of Cross-Border Cooperation: A Strategy for Alliances in Border Cities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3967-9263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Kurowska-Pysz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza, 41-300 D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1882-4801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Alexandre","family":"Castanho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Resources Analysis Research Group (ARAM), University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Landscape, Environment and Planning, School of Science and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, \u00c9vora 7-671, Portugal"},{"name":"VALORIZA\u2014Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Portalegre 7300-110, Portugal"},{"name":"ICAAM\u2014Institute for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of \u00c9vora, \u00c9vora 7-671, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6611-3417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Loures","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VALORIZA\u2014Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Portalegre 7300-110, Portugal"},{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre (IPP), Portalegre 7300-110, Portugals"},{"name":"Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being (CinTurs), University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"C\u00e1ceres, C.C., Guerrero, E.M.F., Carroza, V.M., Puerto, M., Batista, T., Carri\u00e7o, C., Gonz\u00e1lez, M.A.D., Mart\u00edn, J.L., and G\u00e1lvez, M.R. (2013). OTALEX-C; Direcc\u00edon General de Transportes, Ordenaci\u00f3n del Territorio e Urbanismo. Consejeria de Fomento, Vivienda, Ordenaci\u00f3n del Territorio y Turismo, Junta de Extyremadura."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1504\/IJGENVI.2015.067487","article-title":"Sustainability in the trans-border regions? The case of Andalusia\u2014Algarve","volume":"14","author":"Vaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Glob. Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2016.10.004","article-title":"Identifying critical factors for success in Cross Border Cooperation (CBC) development projects","volume":"27","author":"Castanho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Habitat Int."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"7","article-title":"Project management and funding in the Euroregions","volume":"16","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pol. J. Manag. Stud."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurowska-Pysz, J., and Szczepa\u0144ska-Woszczyna, W. (2017). The analysis of the determinants of sustainable cross-border cooperation and recommendations on its harmonization. Sustainability, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/su9122226"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn, G. (2013). Border Space as a Vehicle for Territorial Cooperation in the New Programming Period 2014\u20132020, OTALEX-C; Direcc\u00edon General de Transportes, Ordenaci\u00f3n del Territorio e Urbanismo. Consejeria de Fomento, Vivienda, Ordenaci\u00f3n del Territorio y Turismo, Junta de Extyremadura."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Territorial cohesion: An EU concept","volume":"60","author":"Medeiros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Spat. Dev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1080\/0042098042000214833","article-title":"Territorial cohesion: Old (French) wine in new bottles?","volume":"41","author":"Faludi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urban Stud."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Faludi, A. (2014, July 03). Territorial Cohesion under the Looking Glass. Available online: http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/regional_policy\/archive\/consultation\/terco\/pdf\/lookingglass.pdf."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1080\/00291951.2014.960949","article-title":"Territorial cohesion trends in Inner Scandinavia: The role of cross-border cooperation\u2013INTERREG-A 1994\u20132010","volume":"68","author":"Medeiros","year":"2014","journal-title":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift Nor. J. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Commision of the European Communities (2005). Cohesion Policy in Support of Growth and Jobs: Community Strategic Guidelines, 2007\u20132013, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Available online: Available online: https:\/\/www.google.pl\/search?q=11.+Commision+of+the+European+Communities.+Cohesion+Policy+in+Support+of+Growth+And+Jobs:+Community+Strategic+Guidelines,+2007-2013.+Luxemburg:+Office+for+Official+Publications+of+the+European+Communities;+2005&spell=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjN79-nstHaAhWFGuwKHW53AX0QBQgkKAA&biw=1280&bih=615."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2012.09.010","article-title":"An analysis of learning interactions in a cross-border network for sustainable urban neighbourhood development","volume":"49","author":"Valkering","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1080\/09654313.2012.673563","article-title":"On the territoriality of cross-border cooperation: \u201cInstitutional Mapping\u201d in a multi-level context","volume":"20","author":"Chilla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Plan. Stud."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ergen, M. (2018). The multivariated effect of city cooperation in land use planning and decision\u2014Making processes: A European analysis. Urban Agglomerations, InTech.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.70025"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"97","article-title":"Territorial Impact Assessment and Cross-Border Cooperation","volume":"2","author":"Medeiros","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reg. Stud. Reg. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Wassenberg, B., and Reitel, B. (2015). Territorial Cooperation in Europe: A Historical Perspective, Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/09654313.2011.531920","article-title":"(Re)defining the Euroregion concept","volume":"19","author":"Medeiros","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Plan. Stud."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.18055\/Finis4198","article-title":"Barrier effect and cross-border cooperation. The Sweden-Norway INTERREG\u2013A territorial effects","volume":"49","author":"Medeiros","year":"2014","journal-title":"Finisterra"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naranjo G\u00f3mez, J.M. (2016). Impacts on the Social Cohesion of Mainland Spain\u2019s Future Motorway and High-Speed Rail Networks. Sustainability, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/su8070624"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kramberger, T., Poto\u010dan, V., and Ipavec, V.M. (2016). Linkage between regional accessibility, economic development, and logistic infrastructure. Sustainable Logistics and Strategic Transportation Planning, IGI Global.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-0001-8"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2017.03.026","article-title":"Accessibility and connectivity\u2014Movement between cities, as a critical factor to achieve success on cross-border cooperation (CBC) projects: A European analysis","volume":"32","author":"Castanho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Fadigas, L. (2015). Urbanismo e Territ\u00f3rio, As Pol\u00edticas P\u00fablicas, Edi\u00e7\u00f5es S\u00edlabo."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Martins, S. (2015). Labirintos Mundiais: As Revolu\u00e7\u00f5es P\u00f3s-Modernas e os Caminhos da Incerteza Global, Edi\u00e7\u00f5es S\u00edlabo."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2921(95)00103-4","article-title":"Economic integration, intraindustry trade, and frontier regions","volume":"40","author":"Hanson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurowska-Pysz, J. (2016). Opportunities for Cross-Border Entrepreneurship Development in a Cluster Model Exemplified by the Polish-Czech Border Region. Sustainability, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/su8030230"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Castanho, R. (2017). Sustainable Urban Planning in Transboundary Areas\u2014Analysis of Critical Factors for Territorial Success. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Extremadura]."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Castanho, R., Cabezas, J., Fern\u00e1ndez-Pozo, L., Vulevic, A., Naranjo G\u00f3mez, J., Mart\u00edn Gallardo, J., and Loures, L. (2018). Common regional development strategies on Iberian territory. Envisioning new horizons: Post 2020. Urban Agglomerations, Thomson Reutes Aranzadi."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Leit\u00e3o, J., and Devezas, T. (2018). The influence of Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) in the fostering of entrepreneurship and regional development\u2014A step closer to achieve major structural changes and sustainable cities within European territory. Entrepreneurship and Structural Change in Dynamic Territories, Springer."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Cross-Border Cooperation in Research and Higher Education, The Chance of Regional Development for European Neighbours (2018, March 01). Final Declaration, Annual Conference in Plauen, German, 16\u201318 October 2008. Available online: http:\/\/www.aebr.eu\/files\/publications\/Final_Declaration_Plauen_EN.pdf."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1080\/07036337.2012.711827","article-title":"Understanding European cross-border cooperation: A framework for analysis","volume":"35","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Eur. Integr."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Spirkova, D., and Ivanicka, K. (2009). Dynamics of Bratislava Urban and Housing Development. New Models for Innovative Management and Urban Dynamics, University of Algarve."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1080\/09654311003791259","article-title":"Success Conditions for Urban Networks: Eurocities and Sister Cities","volume":"18","author":"Kundak","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Eur. Plan. Stud."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castanho, R.A., Loures, L., Fern\u00e1ndez, J., and Fern\u00e1ndez-Pozo, L. (2017). Cross Border Cooperation (CBC) in Southern Europe\u2014An Iberian Case Study. The Eurocity Elvas-Badajoz. Sustainability, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/su9030360"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.5209\/GEOP.55308","article-title":"Cross-border institutional thickness: From the Iberian Raia to Galicia-North of Portugal","volume":"8","author":"Lange","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geopolitica(s)"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"402","article-title":"Emerging cross-border regions as a step towards sustainable development? Experiences and considerations from examples in Europe and North America","volume":"2","author":"Blatter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Econ. Dev."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.873","article-title":"Mutual dependence, partner substitutability, and repeated partnership: The survival of cross-border alliances","volume":"32","author":"Xia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sassen, S. (2001). The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo, Princeton University Press. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400847488"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Williams, D.E. (2007). Sustainable Design: Ecology, Architecture and Planning, John Wiley & Sons, Inc."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2014.06.033","article-title":"Towards prosperous sustainable cities: A multiscalar urban sustainability assessment approach","volume":"45","author":"Yigitcanlar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Habitat Int."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/geob.12057","article-title":"Is there a new \u2018trust\u2019in inner scandinavia? Evidence from cross-border planning and governance","volume":"96","author":"Medeiros","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geogr. Ann. Ser. B Hum. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Herzog, L.A. (2000). Cross-border planning and cooperation. The US-Mexican Border Environment: A Road Map to a Sustainable 2020, San Diego State University Press."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2018, March 01). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future. Available online: http:\/\/www.un-documents.net\/our-common-future.pdf."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Grant, U. (2012). Urbanization and the Employment Opportunities of Youth in Developing Countries, UNESCO. Background Paper Prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2012; Youth and Skills: Putting Education to Work."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Amado, M. (2009). Planeamento Urbano Sustent\u00e1vel, Caleidosc\u00f3pio."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Spangenberg, J. (1995). Towards Sustainable Europe, A Study from the Wuppertal Institute for Friends of the Earth Europe, Russel Press."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Spangenberg, J. (2000). Sustainable Development\u2014Concepts and Indicators, Sustainable Europe Research Institute."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Loures, L., Nunes, J., and Viegas, A. (2013). Transforming post-industrial infrastructure: Applying reversed translational research as a redevelopment strategy. Department of Architectural Science\u2014Ryerson University: IC Adaptation and Movement in Architecture, Ryerson University."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Beck, U. (1988). Risikogesellschaft\u2014The Risk Society, SAGE Publications."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Clark, B., Gilad, A., Bisset, R., and Tomlinson, P. (1980). Perspectives on Environmental Impact Assessmen: Proceedings of the Annual WHO Training Courses on Environmental Impact Assessment, Centre for Environmental Management and Planning, University of Aberdeen."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Wackernagel, M., and Rees, W. (1997). Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on Earth, New Society Publishers."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"57","article-title":"Sustainable business development through leadership in SMEs","volume":"8","year":"2016","journal-title":"Econ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Szczepa\u0144ska-Woszczyna, K., and Dacko-Pikiewicz, Z. (2007). Edukacja Wobec Rynku Pracy i Integracji Europejskiej [Education Towards the Labor Market and European Integration], Wy\u017csza Szko\u0142a Biznesu w D\u0105browie G\u00f3rniczej."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams, D., and Watkins, C. (2002). Greenfields, Brownfields and Housing Development, Blackwell Science Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470757222"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2008.01.006","article-title":"Taxing land for urban containment: Reflections on a Dutch debate","volume":"26","author":"Willem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"393","article-title":"IDE-OTALEX C. The first crossborder SDI between Portugal and Spain: Background and development","volume":"3","author":"Baptista","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Earth Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"(2017). The European Semester: Europe 2020 Strategy, European Commission. Available online: www.ec.europa.eu."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piekkari, R., and Welch, C. (2011). Rethinking the Case Study in International Business and Management Research, Edward Elgart Publishing.","DOI":"10.4337\/9780857933461"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/1523422302043007","article-title":"Case study research and theory building","volume":"4","author":"Dooley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. Dev. Hum. Resour."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Herling, R.W., Weinberger, L., and Harris, L. (2000). Case study Research: Defined for Application in the Field of HRD, Human Resource Development Research Center, University of Minnesota."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Yin, R.K. (2003). Application of Case Study Research, SAGE Publications."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popper, K.R. (1963). Conjectures and Refutations, Routledge and Kegan Paul.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3050617"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.2307\/258557","article-title":"Building theories from Case Study Research","volume":"14","author":"Eisenhardt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.2307\/2392599","article-title":"The Case Study Crisis: Some Answers","volume":"26","author":"Yin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Adm. Sci. Q."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"374","article-title":"Methodological paradigms of management science","volume":"421","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res. Pap. Wroclaw Univ. Econ."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"(2018, March 01). Ciesz si\u0119 Cieszynem\u2014Ogr\u00f3d Dw\u00f3ch Brzeg\u00f3w. Available online: https:\/\/www.slaskie.pl\/interreg\/cgi\/zalaczniki\/2006\/12\/29\/1167385624.pdf."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"346","article-title":"Strategic cities alliances: An added value to the innovative making of an international city","volume":"58","author":"Soldatos","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ekistics"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/13549839608725494","article-title":"Local authorities, universities and communities: Alliances for sustainability","volume":"1","author":"Hutchcroft","year":"1996","journal-title":"Local Environ."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Klasik, A. (2008). Kreatywna aglomeracja-ocena zdolno\u015bci i perspektyw. Kreatywna Aglomeracja Aktywno\u015b\u0107 Przedsi\u0119biorcza i Konkurencyjno\u015b\u0107 Ekonomiczna Miast w Procesie Restrukturyzacji Aglomeracji Miejskich, Akademia Ekonomiczna w Katowicach."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"12","article-title":"Alians strategiczny jako strategia przedsi\u0119biorstwa w niepewnym otoczeniu","volume":"11","author":"Macias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Problemy Jako\u015bci"},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"51","article-title":"Sieciowe uj\u0119cie wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy mi\u0119dzyorganizacyjnej w zarz\u0105dzaniu kryzysowym","volume":"3","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wsp\u00f3\u0142czesne Zarz\u0105dzanie"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199804)19:4<293::AID-SMJ982>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Alliances and networks","volume":"19","author":"Gulati","year":"1998","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199803)19:3<193::AID-SMJ949>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"The dynamics of learning alliances: Competition, cooperation, and relative scope","volume":"19","author":"Khanna","year":"1998","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"(2018, March 01). The Basic Data Concerning Cieszyn Town. Available online: www.cieszyn.pl."},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"(2018, March 01). The Basic Data Concerning \u010cesk\u00fd T\u011b\u0161\u00edn Town. Available online: www.tesin.cz."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"MOT (2018, April 24). Cieszyn-\u010cesk\u00fd T\u011b\u0161\u00edn. Mission Op\u00e9rationnelle Transfrontali\u00e8re. Available online: www.espaces-transfrontaliers.org."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"(2018, March 01). City Development Strategy for Cieszyn for Years 2010\u20132020. Available online: www.cieszyn.pl."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"(2018, March 01). M\u011bsto \u010cesk\u00fd T\u011b\u0161\u00edn, Strategick\u00fd Pl\u00e1n Rozvoje M\u011bsta 2012-201. Available online: www.tesin.cz."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"Jab\u0142o\u0144ski, A. (2016). A model of sustainable development of cross-border inter-organizational cooperation, conclusion from the research. Business Models: Strategies, Impact and Challenges, Nova Science Publishers."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"302","article-title":"The European Union consumer behaviour in the festivals market in Poland","volume":"16","author":"Cuyler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pol. J. Manag. Stud."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1080\/09654313.2012.713335","article-title":"Internationalizing the spatial identity of cross-border cooperation","volume":"20","author":"Veemaa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Plan. Stud. J."},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"Mau, S. (2007). Transnationale Vergesellschaftung. Die Entgrenzung Sozialer Lebenswelten, Campus Vewrlag."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"4078","article-title":"Sustainable civil-society engagement: Potencials of a transnational civil society in French-German, Polish-German, and Czech-German border regions","volume":"7","author":"Boehnke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sustain. J."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"31","article-title":"Assessment of Trends for the Development of Cross-Border Cultural Clusters at an Example of Euroregion Cieszyn Silesia","volume":"3","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forum Sci. Oecon."},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"31","article-title":"The Circumstances of Knowledge Transfer within the Scope of the Cross-Border Czech-Polish Projects 2014-2020","volume":"3","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forum Sci. Oecon."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.30819\/cmse.1-1.08","article-title":"Application of marketing in cultural organizations: The case of the Polish Cultural and Educational Union in the Czech Republic","volume":"1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cult. Manag. Sci. Educ."},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"Jakubiec, J., Kurowska-Pysz, J., and Gaw\u0119da, M. (2015). Jako\u015b\u0107 Kszta\u0142cenia Zawodowego na Pograniczu Polsko-Czeskim Jako Determinanta Konkurencyjno\u015bci Przedsi\u0119biorstw, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Techniczno-Humanistycznej."}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/10\/5\/1416\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:03:07Z","timestamp":1760194987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/10\/5\/1416"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["su10051416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su10051416","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]}}}