{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T02:01:31Z","timestamp":1771034491570,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/ECO\/04007\/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007659)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/ECO\/04007\/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007659)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ratio of energy use to Gross Domestic Product (defined as energy intensity) is a major determinant of environmental hazard and an indicator of eco-efficiency. This paper explains why education can have an effect in reducing the energy intensity thus affecting eco-efficiency. We devise a stylized economic model with simple and widely accepted assumptions that highlights the role of education in decreasing energy intensity worldwide. In an empirical application that is robust to the features of the data, we show that primary schooling contributes to a decrease in energy intensity which has a very significant effect, even accounting for the other well-known determinants of energy intensity. Additionally, when schooling is taken into account, income is no longer a negative determinant of energy intensity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su10082625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T11:32:07Z","timestamp":1532604727000},"page":"2625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Education and Energy Intensity: Simple Economic Modelling and Preliminary Empirical Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5501-1562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Sequeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade da Beira Interior and CEFAGE-UBI, Avenida Marques d\u2019Avila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2065-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade da Beira Interior and CEFAGE-UBI, Avenida Marques d\u2019Avila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.5547\/01956574.37.2.zcse","article-title":"Energy and economic growth: The stylized facts","volume":"37","author":"Csereklyei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5547\/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol29-No3-1","article-title":"An Empirical Analysis of Energy Intensity and Its Determinants at the State Level","volume":"29","author":"Metcalf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Energy J."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"13","article-title":"Determinants of Energy Intensity in Indian Manufacturing: An Econometric Analysis","volume":"4","author":"Sahu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eurasia. 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