{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T05:45:28Z","timestamp":1776836728140,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Erasmus Mundus Program","award":["WACOMA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WACOMA"]}]},{"name":"Future Earth Ocean KAN, IMBER and Future Earth Coasts","award":["Future Earth Ocean KAN, IMBER and Future Earth Coasts"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Future Earth Ocean KAN, IMBER and Future Earth Coasts"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Restoration strategies for coral reefs are usually focused on the recovery of bio-physical characteristics. They seldom include an evaluation of the recovery of the socio-ecological and ecosystem services features of coral reef systems. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to address both the socio-ecological system features of coral reefs with the implementation of restoration activity for degraded coral reefs. Such a framework can lead to better societal outcomes from restoration activities while restoring bio-physical, social and ecosystem service features of such systems. We first developed a Socio Ecological System Analysis Framework, which combines the Ostrom Framework for analyzing socio-ecological systems and the Kittinger et al. human dimensions framework of coral reefs socio-ecological systems. We then constructed a Restoration of Coral Reef Framework, based on the most used and recent available coral reef restoration literature. These two frameworks were combined to present a Socio-Ecological Systems &amp; Restoration Coral Reef Framework. These three frameworks can be used as a guide for managers, researchers and decision makers to analyze the needs of coral reef restoration in a way that addresses both socio-economic and ecological objectives to analyze, design, implement and monitor reef restoration programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su10124490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T11:47:53Z","timestamp":1543492073000},"page":"4490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Coral Reef Socio-Ecological Systems Analysis &amp; Restoration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"Uribe-Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Estuaries and Mangroves Ecology Research Group, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia"},{"name":"CIMA, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9286-5914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMA, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"NILU-IMPACT, Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Le Tissier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Future Earth Coasts, MaREI, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, P43 C573 Cork, Ireland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8009(99)00009-9","article-title":"Ecological goods and services of coral reef ecosystems","volume":"29","author":"Moberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ecol. 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