{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T16:04:06Z","timestamp":1772726646639,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FEDER funds through COMPETE2020 and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028247 To Chair"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028247 To Chair"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/FIS\/04650\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/FIS\/04650\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FEDER funds and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006933-SYSTEC, PTDC\/EEI-AUT\/2933\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006933-SYSTEC, PTDC\/EEI-AUT\/2933\/2014"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016858 TOCCATTA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016858 TOCCATTA"]}]},{"name":"SMARTEGOV Project (P2020 NORTE-45-2015-23) Harnessing EGOV for smart governance","award":["SMARTEGOV Project (P2020 NORTE-45-2015-23) Harnessing EGOV for smart governance."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SMARTEGOV Project (P2020 NORTE-45-2015-23) Harnessing EGOV for smart governance."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Climate change is a proven fact. In the report of 2007 from IPCC, one can read that global warming is an issue to be dealt with urgently. In many parts of the world, the estimated rise of temperature (in a very near future) is significant. One of the most affected regions is the Iberian Peninsula, where the increasing need for water will very soon be a problem. Therefore, it is necessary that decision makers are able to decide on all issues related to water management. In this paper, we show a couple of mathematical models that can aid the decision making in the management of an agricultural field at a given location. Having a field, in which different crops can be produced, the solution of the first model indicates the area that should be used for each crop so that the profit is as large as possible, while the water spent is the smallest possible guaranteeing the water requirements of each crop. Using known data for these crops in Portugal, including costs of labour, machines, energy and water, as well as the estimated value of the products obtained, the first mathematical model developed, via optimal control theory, obtains the best management solution. It allows creating different scenarios, thus it can be a valuable tool to help the farmer\/decision maker decide the crop and its area to be cultivated. A second mathematical model was developed. It improves the first one, in the sense that it allows considering that water from the rainfall can be collected in a reservoir with a given capacity. The contribution of the collected water from the rainfall in the profit obtained for some different scenarios is also shown.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su10124648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T03:46:14Z","timestamp":1544154374000},"page":"4648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Optimized Planning of Different Crops in a Field Using Optimal Control in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7056-0092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui M. S.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2335-5459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"SYSTEC\u2014Research Center for Systems and Technologies, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lia","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SYSTEC\u2014Research Center for Systems and Technologies, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LEMA-ISEP, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8866-6269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Fonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"UNU-EGOV, R. Vila Flor 166, 4810-225 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC TEC, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IPCC (2007). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessement Report on Climate Change 2007: Symthetis Report\u2014Summary for Policy Makers, IPCC."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1134\/S0097807812060097","article-title":"Analysis of Effective Efficiency in decision making for irrigation interventions","volume":"6","author":"Haie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Resour."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Longuski, J.M., Guzm\u00e1n, J.J., and Prussing, J.E. (2014). Optimal Control With Aerospace Applications, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-8945-0"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Jager, B., Van Keulen, T., and Kessels, J. (2013). 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A REGA\u2014 Dos Primitivos Regadios as Modernas T\u00e9cnicas de Rega, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Calouste Gulbenkian."}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/10\/12\/4648\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:31:48Z","timestamp":1760196708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/10\/12\/4648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["su10124648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su10124648","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]]}}}