{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T15:10:38Z","timestamp":1774624238376,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The health system\u2019s response to the COVID-19 pandemic has involved research into diagnoses and vaccines, but primarily it has required specific treatments, facilities and equipment, together with the control of individual behaviour and a period of collective confinement. The aim of this particular research, therefore, is to discover whether COVID-19 is capable of changing the built environment (BE) and leveraging specific solutions for sustainable buildings or urban areas. Some historical reviews of infectious pandemics have highlighted the development of new solutions in the BE as an additional contribution towards preventing the spread of infection. The BE has an important role to play in supporting public health measures and reducing the risk of infections. The review of potential COVID-19 measures shows the existence of well-referenced solutions, ranging from incremental alterations (organisation of spaces, erection of physical barriers) to structural alterations (windows, balconies) with different timeframes and scales (ranging from changes in building materials to the design of urban areas). A critical exploratory assessment makes it possible to identify measures that may help not only to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission (or even prevent it), but also to increase resilience, improve air quality and lower energy requirements or the use of materials, and thus potentially increase the sustainability of the BE. COVID-19 measures challenge us to rethink buildings and urban areas and potentially leverage sustainable BE solutions with win-win outcomes (minimalist design and other solutions). The specific composition of this set of measures must, however, be further researched.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su12145863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T03:23:16Z","timestamp":1595388196000},"page":"5863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["COVID-19 Could Leverage a Sustainable Built Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5963-8947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Duarte","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CERIS, Av. Rovisco Pais, N\u00b0 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno Cardoso","family":"Lu\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CERIS, Av. Rovisco Pais, N\u00b0 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2004361","article-title":"History in a Crisis\u2014Lessons for Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2020, May 26). Q&As on COVID-19 and Related Health Topics. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/question-and-answers-hub."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30129-8","article-title":"Can we contain the COVID-19 outbreak with the same measures as for SARS?","volume":"20","author":"Chiew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2020, July 20). WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. Available online: https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozili, P.K., and Arun, T. (2020, July 13). Spillover of COVID-19: Impact on the Global Economy. Available online: https:\/\/mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de\/99850\/1\/MPRA_paper_99850.pdf.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3562570"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.04.018","article-title":"The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review","volume":"78","author":"Nicola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8","article-title":"The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence","volume":"395","author":"Brooks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139088","article-title":"Nurture to nature via COVID-19, a self-regenerating environmental strategy of environment in global context","volume":"729","author":"Paital","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.109883","article-title":"Minimising the present and future plastic waste, energy and environmental footprints related to COVID-19","volume":"127","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10640-020-00426-z","article-title":"The Environmental Impacts of the Coronavirus","volume":"76","author":"Helm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Resour. Econ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, W. (2020, July 13). Evental Infrastructure: Momentous Geographies of Technoscience Production. Available online: https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/24694452.2020.1724766.","DOI":"10.1080\/24694452.2020.1724766"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30559-6","article-title":"Will COVID-19 generate global preparedness?","volume":"395","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019) (2019). World Urbanization Prospects. The 2018 Revision (ST\/ESA\/SER.A\/420)., United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019)."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fong, I. (2013). Urbanization and Infectious Diseases: General Principles, Historical Perspectives, and Contemporary Challenges. Challenges in Infectious Diseases. Emerging Infectious Diseases of the 21st Century, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4496-1"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Honigsbaum, M. (2020). The Pandemic Century: One Hundred Years of Panic, Hysteria and Hubris, W. W. Norton & Company."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"(2020, June 05). Web of Science (WoS). Available online: https:\/\/login.webofknowledge.com\/."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2020, June 05). ScienceDirect (SD). Available online: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00245-20","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00245-20","article-title":"2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission","volume":"5","author":"Dietz","year":"2020","journal-title":"MSystems"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Eykelbosh, A. (2020, July 13). COVID-19 Precautions for Multi\u2014Unit Residential Buildings. Available online: https:\/\/ncceh.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/COVID-19%20Precautions%20for%20Multiunit%20Residential%20Buildings%20-%20March%2031%202020.pdf."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cirrincione, L., Plescia, F., Ledda, C., Rapisarda, V., Martorana, D., Moldovan, R., Theodoridou, K., and Cannizzaro, E. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevention and Protection Measures to be Adopted at the Workplace. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12093603"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leal Filho, W., Brandli, L.L., Lange Salvia, A., Rayman-Bacchus, L., and Platje, J. (2020). COVID-19 and the UN Sustainable Development Goals: Threat to Solidarity or an Opportunity?. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12135343"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2018.11.008","article-title":"Pathways from built environment to health: A conceptual framework linking behavior and exposure-based impacts","volume":"12","author":"Frank","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Transp. Health"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Jordan, D.P. (1995). Transforming Paris: The Life and Labors of Baron Haussman. University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Kirkland, S. (2014). Paris Reborn: Napol\u00e9on III, Baron Haussmann, and the Quest to Build a Modern City. St. Martin\u2019s Press."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2020.109075","article-title":"Coronavirus outbreak is a symptom of Gaia\u2019s sickness","volume":"426","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Modell."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sofo, A., and Sofo, A. (2020, July 13). Converting Home Spaces Into Food Gardens At the Time of Covid-19 Quarantine: All the Benefits of Plants in This Difficult and Unprecedented Period, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7171439\/.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10745-020-00150-8"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does the COVID-19 outbreak mark the onset of a sustainable consumption transition?","volume":"16","author":"Cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Sci. Pract. Policy"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oneear.2020.04.004","article-title":"COVID-19: Lessons for an Urban(izing) World","volume":"2","author":"Acuto","year":"2020","journal-title":"One Earth"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20171745","article-title":"Control of epidemics in the Roman army: 27 B.C.\u2013A.D. 476","volume":"4","author":"Belfiglio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Community Med. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Bruun, C. (1991). The Water Supply of Ancient Rome: A Study of Roman Imperial Administration. Societas scientiarum Fennica."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Follet, K. (2010). World Without End: A Novel (Kingsbridge), Penguin Books."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300072100","article-title":"Epidemiology of the Black Death and Successive Waves of Plague","volume":"52","author":"Cohn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Hist."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Bramanti, B., Stenseth, N.C., Wall\u00f8e, L., and Xu, L. (2020, July 13). Plague: A Disease Which Changed the Path of Human Civilization. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/308959724_Plague_A_Disease_Which_Changed_the_Path_of_Human_Civilization."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"270","article-title":"Medical and social aspects of the great plague of London in 1665","volume":"47","author":"Sloan","year":"1973","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963926814000492","article-title":"Urban planning after the Black Death: Townscape transformation in later medieval England (1350\u20131530)","volume":"42","author":"Lilley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urban History"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"53","article-title":"Leonardo da Vinci Imagines The First Modern City","volume":"37","author":"Vereycken","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exec. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Braua, D., and Greenough, W.B. The epidemiology of cholera. Cholera, Springer."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lippi, D., Gotuzzo, E., and Caini, S. (2016). Cholera. Microbiol. Spectr., 4.","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.PoH-0012-2015"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsc.2011.02.001","article-title":"A case study in explanatory power: John Snow\u2019s conclusions about the pathology and transmission of cholera","volume":"42","author":"Tulodziecki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1353\/bhm.2000.0197","article-title":"Nineteenth-Century Medical Landscapes: John H. Rauch, Frederick Law Olmsted, and the Search for Salubrity","volume":"74","author":"Szczygiel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull. Hist. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"105","article-title":"Cholera and the Pump on Broad Street: The Life and Legacy of John Snow","volume":"43","author":"Ball","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hist. Teacher"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0020-2754.1999.00023.x","article-title":"The Paris Sewers and the Rationalization of Urban Space","volume":"24","author":"Gandy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trans. Inst. Br. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300009169","article-title":"What tuberculosis did for modernism: The influence of a curative environment on modernist design and architecture","volume":"49","author":"Campbell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Hist."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.25034\/ijcua.2017.3651","article-title":"The Influence of Le Corbusier On the emergence of the Aesthetic Values in the Modern Architecture of Cyprus","volume":"2","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Urban Aff."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"E323","article-title":"The history of tuberculosis: The social role of sanatoria for the treatment of tuberculosis in Italy between the end of the 19 th century and the middle of the 20 th","volume":"59","author":"Martini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Prev. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1353\/tech.0.0172","article-title":"Collapse and expand: Architecture and tuberculosis therapy in Montreal, 1909, 1933, 1954","volume":"49","author":"Adams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Technol. Cult."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Mann, T. (1924). Der Zauberberg, Fischer, S."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300330","article-title":"Changing perceptions of pandemic influenza and public health responses","volume":"102","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200612","article-title":"Lessons Learned from the 1918\u20131919 Influenza Pandemic in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota","volume":"122","author":"Rosner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"37","article-title":"Sars and the built environment in Hong Kong","volume":"159","author":"Baldwin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Munic. Eng."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0289.2003.00264.x","article-title":"\u2018The seat of death and terror\u2019: Urbanization, stunting, and smallpox","volume":"56","author":"Oxley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Econ. Hist. Rev."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Connolly, C., Keil, R., and Ali, S.H. (2020, July 13). Extended urbanisation and the spatialities of infectious disease: Demographic change, infrastructure and governance. Available online: https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/0042098020910873.","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098020910873"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"E9","article-title":"The history of tuberculosis: From the first historical records to the isolation of Koch\u2019s bacillus","volume":"58","author":"Barberis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Prev. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"The New York Times Style Magazine (2020, July 14). In Search of Lost Time in Europe\u2019s Sanatoriums. Available online: https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/02\/18\/t-magazine\/sanatorium-europe-history.html."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Dezeen Du Besset-Lyon (2020, July 14). Transforms Former Sanatorium into Clermont-Ferrand School of Architecture. Available online: https:\/\/www.dezeen.com\/2015\/11\/11\/clermont-ferrand-school-of-architecture-du-besset-lyon-architectes-urbanistes-former-sanatorium-france\/."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"27060","article-title":"How urbanization affects the epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases","volume":"5","author":"Neiderud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brizuela, N.G., Garcia-Chan, N., Pulido, H.G., and Chowell, G. (2020, July 13). Understanding the role of urban design in disease spreading. Available online: https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/766667v2.full.","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2020.0524"},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"European Comission (EC) (2020). COVID-19: Guidelines on the Progressive Restoration of Transport Services and Connectivity. European Commission."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2020). Strengthening Preparedness for COVID-19 in Cities and Urban Settings: Interim Guidance forLocal Authorities, World Health Organization. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"(2020, May 29). Weston Williamson + Partners Weston Williamson + Partners Envisions Social-Distancing Office. Available online: https:\/\/www.dezeen.com\/2020\/05\/14\/weston-williamson-social-distancing-office\/."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxaa033","article-title":"Covid-19: Protecting Worker Health","volume":"64","author":"Semple","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Work Expo. Health"},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Larsson, N. (2020, July 13). Pandemics and the Built Environment. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/342376251_Pandemics_and_the_Built_Environment_22June20."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.05.040","article-title":"Urban natural environments as nature-based solutions for improved public health\u2014A systematic review of reviews","volume":"158","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Kurnitski, J., Boerstra, A., Franchimon, F., Mazzarella, L., Hogeling, J., Hovorka, F., and Sepp\u00e4nen, O. (2020, July 13). REHVA COVID-19 guidance document. Available online: https:\/\/www.rehva.eu\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/REHVA_COVID-19_guidance_document_ver2_20200403_1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20180298","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2018.0298","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into the effect of humidity on airborne influenza virus survival, transmission and incidence","volume":"16","author":"Marr","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-012420-022445","article-title":"Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections","volume":"7","author":"Moriyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Virol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D.H., Holbrook, M.G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B.N., Tamin, A., Harcourt, J.L., Thornburg, N.J., and Gerber, S.I. (2020). Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. N. Engl. J. Med.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.09.20033217"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.01.022","article-title":"Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents","volume":"104","author":"Kampf","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz582","article-title":"The Influence of Simulated Sunlight on the Inactivation of Influenza Virus in Aerosols","volume":"221","author":"Schuit","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cscee.2020.100006","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic: Considerations for the waste and wastewater services sector","volume":"1","author":"Nghiem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Stud. Chem. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2020, May 11). Q&A on Coronaviruses (COVID-19). Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/question-and-answers-hub\/q-a-detail\/q-a-coronaviruses."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.106779","article-title":"The impact of a view from a window on thermal comfort, emotion, and cognitive performance","volume":"175","author":"Ko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"10","article-title":"Foot-operated door opener to eliminate the door handle as a source of contamination","volume":"6","author":"Preiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"GMS Krankenhhyg. Interdiszip."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"173","article-title":"Waste water disinfection during SARS epidemic for microbiological and toxicological control","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-1882(05)70623-6","article-title":"International standards: Filters for buildings and gas turbines","volume":"42","author":"Tronville","year":"2005","journal-title":"Filtr. Sep."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becher, R., \u00d8vrevik, J., Schwarze, P.E., Nilsen, S., Hongslo, J.K., and Bakke, J.V. (2018). Do carpets impair indoor air quality and cause adverse health outcomes: A review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15020184"},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Canadian Psychological Association (2020, July 13). Traumatic Stress Section Executive Managing COVID-19 Anxiety\u2014Resources. Available online: https:\/\/cpa.ca\/resources-for-managing-covid-19-anxiety-cpa-traumatic-stress-section\/."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martineau, A.R., Jolliffe, D.A., Hooper, R.L., Greenberg, L., Aloia, J.F., Bergman, P., Dubnov-Raz, G., Esposito, S., Ganmaa, D., and Ginde, A.A. (2020, July 13). Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Available online: https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/356\/bmj.i6583.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i6583"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-009-0069-z","article-title":"Landscape and well-being: A scoping study on the health-promoting impact of outdoor environments","volume":"55","author":"Abraham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170245","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2017.0245","article-title":"The impact of the built environment on health behaviours and disease transmission in social systems","volume":"373","author":"Jelic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138761","article-title":"Effectiveness of the measures to flatten the epidemic curve of COVID-19. The case of Spain","volume":"727","author":"Saez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.107019","article-title":"An integrated psychological score for occupants based on their perception and emotional response according to the windows\u2019 outdoor view size","volume":"180","author":"Yeom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_83","unstructured":"(2020, July 14). Writing Urban Places COST Socially Distanced\u2014Windows Looking (and Listening) to Nature Where I Resided. Available online: https:\/\/writingurbanplaces.eu\/wup-news\/socially-distanced-windows-looking-and-listening-to-nature-where-i-resided\/."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2019.08.010","article-title":"Industrial Revolution 4.0 in the construction industry: Challenges and opportunities for stakeholders","volume":"11","author":"Alaloul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ain Shams Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brattig, N.W., Tanner, M., Bergquist, R., and Utzinger, J. (2020, July 13). Impact of environmental changes on infectious diseases: Key findings from an international conference in Trieste, Italy in May 2017. Available online: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0001706X19312252.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105165"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2019.105464","article-title":"Greenspace spatial characteristics and human health in an urban environment: An epidemiological study using landscape metrics in Sheffield, UK","volume":"106","author":"Mears","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen, J.G., and Macomber, J.D. (2020). Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Productivity, Harvard University Press.","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674246102"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s10669-020-09773-0","article-title":"COVID, resilience, and the built environment","volume":"40","author":"Keenan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Syst. Decis."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70223-1","article-title":"Urbanisation and infectious diseases in a globalised world","volume":"11","author":"Alirol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braithwaite, R., and Warren, R. (2020, July 13). The African American Petri Dish. Available online: https:\/\/preprint.press.jhu.edu\/jhcpu\/sites\/default\/files\/02_warren.pdf1762847.","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.0.0026"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198120929985","article-title":"Moving Health Education and Behavior Upstream: Lessons From COVID-19 for Addressing Structural Drivers of Health Inequities","volume":"47","author":"Schulz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Educ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e637","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30103-0","article-title":"A new vehicle to accelerate the UN Sustainable Development Goals","volume":"8","author":"Sherr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wijburg, G. (2020, July 13). The de-financialization of housing: Towards a research agenda. Available online: https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/02673037.2020.1762847.","DOI":"10.1080\/02673037.2020.1762847"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdisas.2020.100080","article-title":"Building resilience against biological hazards and pandemics: COVID-19 and its implications for the Sendai Framework","volume":"6","author":"Djalante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Disaster Sci."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erss.2020.101666","article-title":"What opportunities could the COVID-19 outbreak offer for sustainability transitions research on electricity and mobility?","volume":"68","author":"Kanda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Res. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1080\/14747731.2020.1748364","article-title":"Deep Restoration: From The Great Implosion to The Great Awakening","volume":"17","author":"Gills","year":"2020","journal-title":"Globalizations"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/14649357.2020.1757886","article-title":"Kindness, Planners\u2019 Response to Vulnerability, and an Ethics of Care in the Time of Covid-19","volume":"21","author":"Forester","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plan. Theory Pract."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/oxrep\/graa015","article-title":"Will COVID-19 fiscal recovery packages accelerate or retard progress on climate change?","volume":"36","author":"Hepburn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxford Rev. Econ. Policy"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.08.022","article-title":"Building Human Resilience: The Role of Public Health Preparedness and Response As an Adaptation to Climate Change","volume":"35","author":"Keim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Queiroz, M.M., Ivanov, D., Dolgui, A., and Fosso Wamba, S. (2020, July 13). Impacts of epidemic outbreaks on supply chains: Mapping a research agenda amid the COVID-19 pandemic through a structured literature review. Available online: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10479-020-03685-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-020-03685-7"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s10272-020-0878-0","article-title":"The Coming Coronavirus Crisis: What Can We Learn?","volume":"55","author":"Lucchese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intereconomics"}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/12\/14\/5863\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:50:21Z","timestamp":1760176221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/12\/14\/5863"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["su12145863"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su12145863","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]]}}}