{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T14:46:11Z","timestamp":1770993971630,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The essential oil from Croton argyrophyllus Kunth is known for its antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and anticancer activities, and is recognized as a source of phytochemicals for potential use in pharmaceutic and food sectors. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have been produced to load Croton argyrophyllus (CA) Kunth essential oil (CAEO) and its antioxidant properties evaluated in vitro as a new approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Cetyl palmitate SLN loading CAEO (CAEO-SLN) with a mean particle size of 201.4 \u00b1 2.3 nm (polydispersity index 0.211) have been produced by hot high-pressure homogenisation. The release of the oil followed the Korsmeyers-Peppas model. The risk of lipid peroxidation has been determined by applying the production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) standard assay. The antioxidant activity was determined by the capacity of the antioxidants existing in CAEO to scavenge the stable radical DPPH\u2022. The cytotoxicity of CA Kunth essential oil-loaded SLN (CAEO-SLN) was evaluated in a human cell line SH-SY5Y (derived from human neuroblastoma) by determining the reduction of the yellow dye 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Both free essential oil (fEO) and loaded essential oil (CAEO-SLN) were demonstrated to inhibit the Fenton reaction. CAEO-SLN showed DPPH\u2022 radical scavenging capacity. The loading of the oil into cetyl palmitate SLN reduced the risk of cytotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su12187697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T08:29:43Z","timestamp":1600331383000},"page":"7697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Croton argyrophyllus Kunth Essential Oil-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Release Profile, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity in a Neuroblastoma Cell Line"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9737-6017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliana B.","family":"Souto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6527-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Severino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Industrial Biotechnology Program, University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil"},{"name":"Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA"}]},{"given":"Conrado","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"},{"name":"Industrial Biotechnology Program, University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil"},{"name":"Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5481-4355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana N.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7747-9107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Durazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Lucarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2545-0967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atanas G.","family":"Atanasov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrz\u0119biec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstra\u00dfe 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Soukaina","family":"El Maimouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via. D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"given":"Ettore","family":"Novellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via. D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5505-3327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonello","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via. D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.01.023","article-title":"Effects of essential oil from Croton tiglium L. on intestinal transit in mice","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Composition and cytotoxic activity of essential oils from Croton matourensis and Croton micans from Venezuela","volume":"4","author":"Compagnone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rec. Nat. 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