{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T20:54:52Z","timestamp":1765486492166,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019370","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05748\/2020 and UIDP\/05748\/2020."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05748\/2020 and UIDP\/05748\/2020."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite food waste occurring along the entire food supply chain, a significant proportion occurs in domestic settings. Large quantities of domestic food waste have been attributable to consumer behaviors during buying, cooking, consumption, and disposal. The main objective of this research was to understand the major determinants of household food waste from families in the north of Portugal. A convenience sample was used, which was drawn from households in the Greater Porto Area. Data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire that included three groups of structured questions related to perceived behavior and attitudes towards food consumption, leftover usage, and food waste. Exploratory data analysis was used to identify underlying dimensions. No relationships were found between socio-demographic data and food waste, buying behavior, or destination\/use of leftovers. The majority of the participants reported a high level of planning of their grocery shopping. Fruits and vegetables presented the highest frequency of consumption, followed by sources of carbohydrates and sources of proteins. The storage of cooked food from different food groups presented a single factor, grouping the majority of the individual food leftovers, going from fruits and vegetables to sources of carbohydrates and proteins. The reported levels of wastage of the different food products were grouped into three dimensions: waste of vegetables, waste of protein sources, and waste of sources of carbohydrates. Waste of precooked foods emerged as an independent item, and it was the individual item with the highest frequency. The families studied reported a positive attitude concerning buying, consumption, and wastage, revealing a particular awareness of food waste and its social and environmental impact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su12218781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T20:51:00Z","timestamp":1603399860000},"page":"8781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Evaluation of Determinants of Food Waste in Family Households in the Greater Porto Area Based on Self-Reported Consumption Practices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ta\u00edse","family":"Portugal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150 180 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e Marketing, Lipor, 4435-746 Baguim do Monte, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4590-7533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Miguel","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4485-646 Vila do Conde, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3505-4538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ada Margarida Correia Nunes","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE\/GreenUPorto, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150 180 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Desperdi\u00e7adas, E.V., and Zahar, J. (2004). A Cultura do Lixo, Zahar."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Baudrillard, J. (2016). The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures, Sage."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"285","article-title":"Desperd\u00edcio de Alimentos: Um Problema de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica","volume":"54","author":"Goulart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Revista Integra\u00e7\u00e3o"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"FAO (2013). Food Wastage Footprint: Impacts on Natural Resources, FAO."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Gustavsson, J., Cederberg, C., Sonesson, U., Van Otterdijk, R., and Meybeck, A. (2011). Global Food Losses and Food Waste, FAO."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Monier, V., Mudgal, S., Escalon, V., O\u2019Connor, C., Gibon, T., Anderson, G., Montoux, H., Reisinger, H., Dolley, P., and Ogilvie, S. (2010). Preparatory Study on Food Waste Across EU 27, European Commission."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Ag\u00eancia Portuguesa do Ambiente (2020, August 20). Redu\u00e7\u00e3o do Desperd\u00edcio Alimentar. Available online: http:\/\/www.apambiente.pt\/index.php?ref=16&subref=84&sub2ref=106& sub3ref=273."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"European Food Information Council (2012). Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Europe-Do Europeans Get Enough?, EUFIC."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Ambler-Edwards, S., Bailey, K.S., Kiff, A., Lang, T., Lee, R., Marsden, T.K., Simons, D.W., and Tibbs, H. (2009). Food Futures: Rethinking UK Strategy, Chatham House. A Chatham House Report."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/cb.1488","article-title":"Identifying factors that promote consumer behaviours causing expired domestic food waste","volume":"13","author":"Fot","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Consum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"DECO (2020, July 30). Pre\u00e7o Determina Escolhas do Consumidor. Available online: http:\/\/www.decojovem.pt\/biblioteca\/combateaodesperdicioalimentar\/."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica (2017). Statistical Yearbook of Portugal 2016."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica (2020, September 10). Censos 2011. Available online: http:\/\/www.censos.ine.pt."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2020, July 30). Anu\u00e1rio Estat\u00edstico de Portugal. Available online: https:\/\/www.ine.pt\/xportal\/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes&PUBLICACOESpub_boui=444301590&PUBLICACOEStema=55480&PUBLICACOESmodo=2."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Baptista, P., Campos, I., and Vaz, S. (2012). Do Campo ao Garfo: Desperd\u00edcio Alimentar Em Portugal, Cestras. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038511416150","article-title":"Beyond the throwaway society: Ordinary domestic practice and a sociological approach to household food waste","volume":"46","author":"Evans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"237","article-title":"Research, attitudes and behaviour of Greek households regarding food waste prevention","volume":"32","author":"Abeliotis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.09.019","article-title":"Household-Level dynamics of food waste production and related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours in Guelph, Ontario","volume":"35","author":"Parizeau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"483","article-title":"Food wastage in Turkey: An exploratory survey on household food waste","volume":"4","author":"Yildirim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2015.07.007","article-title":"Household food waste behaviour in EU-27 countries: A multilevel analysis","volume":"56","author":"Secondi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.02.030","article-title":"Food waste matters-A systematic review of household food waste practices and their policy implications","volume":"182","author":"Schanes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1108\/BFJ-01-2016-0001","article-title":"Household food waste and eating behavior: Empirical survey","volume":"118","author":"Lanfranchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. Food J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neff, R., Spiker, M., and Truant, P. (2015). Wasted food: US consumers\u2019 reported awareness, attitudes, and behaviors. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127881"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi, D., and Roe, B. (2016). Household food waste: Multivariate regression and principal components analyses of awareness and attitudes among US consumers. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159250"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2015.11.007","article-title":"Sorting out food waste behaviour: A survey on the motivators and barriers of self-reported amounts of food waste in households","volume":"45","author":"Visschers","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Geral de Sa\u00fade (2020, July 30). React Covid Inqu\u00e9rito Sobre Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o e Atividade F\u00edsica em Contexto de Conten\u00e7\u00e3o Social. Available online: https:\/\/www.dgs.pt\/programa-nacional-para-a-promocao-da-atividade-fisica\/ficheiros-externos-pnpaf\/rel_resultados-survey-covid-19-pdf.aspx."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/cb.299","article-title":"The sacrifice of re-use: The travels of leftovers and family relations","volume":"8","author":"Cappellini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Consum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-954X.12041","article-title":"Practising thrift at dinnertime: Mealtime leftovers, sacrifice and family membership","volume":"60","author":"Cappellini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcs.12207","article-title":"Food waste paradox: Antecedents of food disposal in low income households","volume":"39","author":"Porpino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Consum. Stud."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"2679","article-title":"Food wasting: A study among Central European four-member families","volume":"22","author":"Simunek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Food Res. J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2015.06.006","article-title":"The implications of food waste generation on climate change: The case of Greece","volume":"3","author":"Abeliotis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sustain. Prod. Consum."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Wrap, W. (2009). Household Food and Drink Waste in the UK, WRAP. Report Prepared by WRAP."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2013.04.011","article-title":"Spaghetti soup: The complex world of food waste behaviours","volume":"79","author":"Quested","year":"2013","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/12\/21\/8781\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:26:16Z","timestamp":1760178376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/12\/21\/8781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["su12218781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su12218781","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2071-1050"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]}}}