{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T09:53:06Z","timestamp":1774605186487,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lisbon Portugal Regional Operational Programme (LISBOA 2020)","award":["LISBOA-01-0247-FEDER-038522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0247-FEDER-038522"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Festivals can improve the image of host communities, making them an appealing destination and boosting local economy. However, it is hard to measure their actual impact, which is a key factor to justify governments\u2019 initiatives. This study aims to verify how accurate direct expenditure analysis can be. First, the impact of new visitors\u2019 expenditure is calculated based on a survey. Then, consumption indicators are used to forecast the actual economic impact of the festival. Finally, both results are compared. Even though the values gathered with consumption indicators are only a lower bound of the festival\u2019s impact, this study found that assessing expenditure intentions during the festival leads to impact estimates that can be three times higher. The theoretical contribution of this study is to identify direct expenditure analysis weaknesses and how to reduce their effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su13031520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T11:40:48Z","timestamp":1612179648000},"page":"1520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Events and Festivals Contribution for Local Sustainability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4920-0498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISCTE Business School, Business Research Unit, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Winning Lab., 1750-149 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Jer\u00f3nimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISCTE Business School, Business Research Unit, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Winning Lab., 1750-149 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Sempiterno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Winning Lab., 1750-149 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9364-534X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Lopes da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISCTE Business School, Business Research Unit, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4074-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISCTE Business School, Business Research Unit, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Center of Politics Research, Economy and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"N\u00e9lson","family":"Ant\u00f3nio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISCTE Business School, Business Research Unit, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2013.05.014","article-title":"Cultural investment, local development and instantaneous social capital: A case study of a gathering festival in the South of Italy","volume":"47","author":"Attanasi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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