{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T14:57:31Z","timestamp":1775228251123,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) has been a recurrent view of the physical technological environment, in the light of which it is expected that everyday artifacts are connected, enhancing the availability and ubiquity of \u201csmart\u201d services. Higher education institutions can be seen as a privileged ecosystem for the development of intelligent and smart solutions, due to its dynamic and everyday changing environment, which includes not only physical infrastructures, digital services, but also people, i.e., students, researchers, lecturers, and staff. This work introduces an Application-oriented Architecture-AoA that has been designed to streamline the design and development of \u201csmart\u201d solutions inside the campus, by focusing on the Application side and reshaping the concept of \u201cservice\u201d to a piece of \u201cfunctionality\u201d with a clear and objective purpose, rather than the classic and conventional approach, more focused on the development or technical sides. The proposed approach provides the mechanism to have multiple applications interacting and sharing data and functionalities, ensuring coexistence between new and legacy systems that are in use on the campus, removing the major drawbacks that basic monolithic applications typically require. The generic AoA model is described and the procedure to create a new application is systematized. Lastly, three case studies (RnMonitor, Refill_H2O, and BiRa) are presented end elaborated using the AoA procedure designed to create a new application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su13063189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T22:16:54Z","timestamp":1615846614000},"page":"3189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Towards a Smart &amp; Sustainable Campus: An Application-Oriented Architecture to Streamline Digitization and Strengthen Sustainability in Academia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADiT\u2014Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6944-7757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio Ivan","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADiT\u2014Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"IT\u2014Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3883-1160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Miguel","family":"Rosado da Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADiT\u2014Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Algoritmi Research Centre, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5828-6086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Curado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prometheus\u2014Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e240","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30087-7","article-title":"Local Agenda 2030 for sustainable development","volume":"3","author":"Moallemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. 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