{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:58:54Z","timestamp":1778507934616,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]],"date-time":"2021-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Digitalization is rushing throughout the world, namely, in industrial and societal infrastructures. Hence, digital transformation becomes a pillar of industrial policy, known in Europe as \u201cIndustry 4.0,\u201d in China as \u201cmade in China 2025,\u201d in Asia as \u201cSmart Cities,\u201d in Japan as \u201cSociety 5.0,\u201d and in North America as \u201cIndustrial Internet.\u201d These transformations will change the industrial landscape, toward Quality 4.0 and therefore, our lives. The presented research was conducted on quality management employees in Portugal and it aims to analyze if such employees have the perception of the impact of Industry 4.0 in the quality management profession and the required and needed skills. After analyzing the answered questionnaires, 90 results were considered valid. This is the sample of our study. Simultaneously, the goal of this research is also to review and analyze the main topics in progress related to quality management for the fourth industrial revolution and how quality emerges of this change. The professionals that work on quality management must have creative thinking, be leaders, know how to communicate and work as a team, as well as, to have knowledge and understanding of ICT (Information and Communications Technology), and main pillars of Industry 4.0. These are the main findings. Besides that, they must know how to motivate their work teams, be open to change, know how to use Big Data to make decisions and above all, they must know how to manage conflicts. In addition, quality professionals must promote the design and production of first class products, be the defenders of their customers within the organization, and finally, they must create value for the stakeholders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su13116149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T03:45:29Z","timestamp":1622432729000},"page":"6149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["New Needed Quality Management Skills for Quality Managers 4.0"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9268-3272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilberto","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ESD\u2013Design School\u2013Polytechnic Institute Cavado Ave, 4750-299 Barcelos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2228-5348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Carlos","family":"S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering School, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5927-7432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESD\u2013Design School\u2013Polytechnic Institute Cavado Ave, 4750-299 Barcelos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6173-433X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Ci\u00eancias Empresariais\u2013Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4930-600 Valen\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6937-4823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Ci\u00eancias Empresariais\u2013Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4930-600 Valen\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2571-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Doiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial Engineering School\/IEA, Vigo University, 36208 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7164-3810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krist\u00edna","family":"Zgodavov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Ko\u0161ice, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2681-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miladin","family":"Stefanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Quality, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1109\/MIE.2014.2312079","article-title":"Industrie 4.0: Hit or Hype? [Industry Forum]","volume":"8","author":"Drath","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1080\/08982112.2019.1706744","article-title":"Quality 4.0\u2014The challenging future of quality engineering","volume":"32","author":"Zonnenshain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Qual. Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Jacob, D. (2017). Quality 4.0 Impact and Strategy Handbook. Getting Digitally Connected to Transform Quality Management, LNS Research."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.119790","article-title":"Smart factory performance and Industry 4.0","volume":"150","author":"Buchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.futures.2018.06.018","article-title":"Foresight and technology assessment for the Austrian Parliament-Finding new ways of debating the future of industry 4.0","volume":"109","author":"Weber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Futures"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2020.120092","article-title":"The future of manufacturing: A Delphi-based scenario analysis on Industry 4.0","volume":"157","author":"Culot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.05.021","article-title":"Driving forces and barriers of Industry 4.0: Do multinational and small and medium-sized companies have equal opportunities?","volume":"146","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2018.03.005","article-title":"Smart manufacturing technology, market maturity analysis and technology roadmap in the computer and electronic product manufacturing industry","volume":"133","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zgodavova, K., Bober, P., Majstorovic, V., Monkova, K., Santos, G., and Juhaszova, D. (2020). Innovative methods for small mixed batches production system improvement: The case of a bakery machine manufacturer. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12156266"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2017.05.028","article-title":"China\u2019s manufacturing locus in 2025: With a comparison of \u201cMade-in-China 2025\u201d and \u201cIndustry 4.0\u201d","volume":"135","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2016.08.019","article-title":"The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?","volume":"114","author":"Frey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.futures.2008.07.013","article-title":"Future skills and current realities. How the psychological (Jungian) type of European business leaders relates to the needs of the future","volume":"40","author":"Blass","year":"2008","journal-title":"Futures"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.futures.2017.03.001","article-title":"Bridging anticipation skills and intercultural competences as a means to reinforce the capacity of global citizens for learning to learn together","volume":"94","author":"Plouin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Futures"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.22215\/timreview\/1117","article-title":"The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0): A social innovation perspective","volume":"7","author":"Morrar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Technol. Innov. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Aldag, M.C., and Eker, B. (2018, January 28\u201330). What is Quality 4.0 in the era of industry 4.0?. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Quality of Life, Kopaonik, Serbia."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chopra, A. (2019, January 4\u20136). AI in Supply & Procurement. Proceedings of the Amity International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AICAI), Dubai, United Arab Emirates.","DOI":"10.1109\/AICAI.2019.8701357"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"S\u00fct\u0151ov\u00e1, K., and Zgodavov\u00e1, K. (2019, January 13\u201315). Maturity of Automotive Industry 4.0 and Quality 4.0 Intelligent Technology in Slovakia: Future of Needs for Learning and Development. Proceedings of the QMOD-ICQSS Conference 2019: Leadership and Strategies for Quality, Sustainability and Innovation in the 4th Industrial Revolution, Krakow, Poland."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Felderer, M., Piazolo, F., Ortner, W., Brehm, L., and Hof, H.-J. (2016). Research Challenges of Industry 4.0 for Quality Management. Innovations in Enterprise Information Systems Management and Engineering. ERP Future 2015, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32799-0"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2016.04.042","article-title":"VCW\u2014Value Creation Wheel: Innovation, technology, business, and society","volume":"69","author":"Lages","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Aulbur, W., Arvind, C.J., and Bigghe, R. (2020, December 15). Skill Development for Industry 4.0. WHITEPAPER-BRICS Skill Development Working Group\u2014FICCI, Roland Berger GMBH. Available online: http:www.globalskillsummit.com\/Whitepaper-Summary.pdf."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2016.06.113","article-title":"Analysis of Control Architectures in the Context of Industry 4.0","volume":"62","author":"Meissner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.09.045","article-title":"Industry 4.0 implications in logistics: An overview","volume":"13","author":"Barreto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucke, D., Constantinescu, C., and Westk\u00e4mper, E. (2008). Smart Factory\u2014A Step towards the Next Generation of Manufacturing. Manufacturing Systems and Technologies for the New Frontier, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84800-267-8_23"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.07.366","article-title":"Requirements for education and qualification of people in Industry 4.0","volume":"11","author":"Tupa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Juran.com (2020, June 17). Quality 4.0: The Future of Quality?. Available online: https:\/\/www.juran.com\/blog\/quality-4-0-the-future-of-quality\/."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.01.176","article-title":"Quality 4.0: An Overview","volume":"181","author":"Carvalho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Forero, R.S.D.V. (2020). Quality 4.0\u2014How to Handle Quality in the Industry 4.0 Revolution. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"899","article-title":"Scanning the Industry 4.0: A Literature Review on Technologies for Manufacturing Systems","volume":"22","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Samans, R., and Davis, N. (2020, June 17). Advancing Human-Centred Economic Progress in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. A Leadership Agenda for G20 Governments. World Economic Forum. Available online: https:\/\/www.g20-insights.org\/."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Thomson, S. (2020, June 18). 13 Signs the Fourth Industrial Revolution is Almost Here. World Economic Forum. Available online: https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2015\/09\/13-signs-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-is-almost-here\/."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"61","article-title":"Quality Management and Requirements of the Fourth Technical Revolution","volume":"4","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Sci. J. Ind. 4.0"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2018.09.005","article-title":"Quality management in the 21st century enterprises: Research pathway towards Industry","volume":"207","author":"Gunasekaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"4.0 Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12776\/qip.v23i1.1132","article-title":"The quality management system as a driver of organizational culture: An empirical study in the Portuguese textile industry","volume":"23","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual. Innov. Prosper."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.12776\/qip.v23i2.1277","article-title":"The ISO 9001:2015 quality management system standard: Companies\u2019 drivers, benefits and barriers to its implementation","volume":"23","author":"Bravi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual. Innov. Prosper."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"34","article-title":"Developing a model of vendor rating to manage quality in the supply chain","volume":"11","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Serv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Perception of the importance to implement ISO 9001 in organizations related to people linked to quality-an empirical study","volume":"13","author":"Amaral","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1108\/TQM-12-2018-0223","article-title":"Value creation through quality and innovation\u2014A case study on Portugal","volume":"31","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"TQM J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2019.09.012","article-title":"Integrated product and processes development in design: A case study","volume":"41","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1108\/TQM-04-2013-0045","article-title":"Quality: Where have we come from and what can we expect?","volume":"25","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"TQM J."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"WEF (World Economic Forum) (2020, June 18). Future of Jobs Survey. Available online: http:\/\/www3.weforum.org\/docs\/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2018.pdf."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.09.095","article-title":"Attitudes and behaviours of Italian 3D prosumer in the Era of Additive Manufacturing","volume":"13","author":"Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"957","article-title":"Manufacturing labs: Where new digital technologies help improve life quality","volume":"12","author":"Bravi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1108\/JMTM-03-2018-0072","article-title":"Fabrication laboratories: The development of new business models with new digital technologies","volume":"29","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Technol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2019.10.033","article-title":"The contribution of design to the development of products and manufacturing processes in the Portuguese industry","volume":"41","author":"Jimenez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murmura, F., Bravi, L., and Santos, G. (2021). Sustainable process and product innovation in the eyewear sector: The role of industry 4.0 enabling technologies. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13010365"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Kavouras, I., and Chalbot, M.G. (2014). Developments regarding the integration of the occupational safety and health with quality and environment management systems. Occupational Safety and Health\u2013Public Health in the 21st Century, The Nova Science Publishers. Chapter 6."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2019.07.023","article-title":"Machining operations for components in kitchen furniture: A comparison between two management systems","volume":"41","author":"Doiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2020.01.104","article-title":"The impact of the application of lean tools for improvement of process in a plastic company: A case study","volume":"38","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.12776\/qip.v23i3.1291","article-title":"Lean management \u201cquick-wins\u201d: Results of implementation. A case study","volume":"23","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual. Innov. Prosper."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2019.10.029","article-title":"Improvement of production line in the automotive industry through lean philosophy","volume":"41","author":"Azevedo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1080\/03043797.2018.1563585","article-title":"Engineering learning objectives and computer assisted tools","volume":"44","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Eng. Educ."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.1866","article-title":"Critical analysis of information about integrated management systems and environmental policy on the Portuguese firms\u2019 website, towards sustainable development","volume":"27","author":"Carvalho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.1985","article-title":"Environmental management system according to ISO 14001:2015 as a driver to sustainable development","volume":"27","author":"Bravi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.24874\/IJQR13.04-19","article-title":"Main benefits of integrated management systems through literature review","volume":"13","author":"Talapatra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2019.10.020","article-title":"Additive Manufacturing: Possible Problems with Indoor Air Quality","volume":"41","author":"Bravi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.12776\/qip.v23i2.1278","article-title":"Six sigma: Main metrics and r based software for training purposes and practical industrial quality control","volume":"23","author":"Costa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual. Innov. Prosper."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"925","article-title":"Proposition for the alignment of the integrated management system (quality, environmental and safety) with the business strategy","volume":"12","author":"Barbosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Silva, F., and Ferreira, L. (2019). Quality and safety continuous improvement through lean tools. Lean Manufacturing\u2013Implementation, Opportunities and Challenges, Nova Science Publishers."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2020.107759","article-title":"Quality management theory development via meta-analysis","volume":"229","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turisova, R., Sinay, J., Pacaiova, H., Kotianova, Z., and Glatz, J. (2020). Application of the EFQM Model to Assess the Readiness and Sustainability of the Implementation of I4.0 in Slovakian Companies. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12145591"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretai.2010.11.004","article-title":"Contextual factors and the creativity of frontline employees: The mediating effects of role stress and intrinsic motivation","volume":"87","author":"Coelho","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Retail."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1080\/14783363.2019.1591946","article-title":"Exploring the emergent quality management paradigm","volume":"32","author":"Fundin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Total Qual. Manag. Bus. Excell."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.24874\/IJQR13.03-15","article-title":"Emotional intelligence and its relationship to employability skills and employer satisfaction with fresh engineering graduates","volume":"13","author":"Chand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Milano, M. (2020, July 08). The Digital Skills Gap Is Widening Fast. Here\u2019s How to Bridge It. Available online: https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2019\/03\/the-digital-skills-gap-is-widening-fast-heres-how-to-bridge-it\/."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"PwC (2020, December 15). Workforce of the Future. The Competing Forces Shaping 2030. Available online: www.pwc.com\/people."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Bakhshi, H., Downing, J.M., Osborne, M.A., and Schneider, P. (2017). The Future of Skills Employment in 2030, Nesta."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Kothari, C.R. (2011). Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques, New Age International (P) Limited. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-100X.1997.00546.x","article-title":"Quantitatively Evaluating Restoration Experiments: Research Design, Statistical Analysis, and Data Management Considerations","volume":"5","author":"Michener","year":"1997","journal-title":"Restor. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.12.422","article-title":"An Analysis on the Relationship Between Total Quality Management Practices and Knowledge Management: The Case of Eski\u015fehir","volume":"109","author":"Duran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1108\/02656719510087337","article-title":"Quality management and job satisfaction: An empirical study","volume":"12","author":"Simon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Reliab. Manag."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.01.321","article-title":"A survey study on Industry 4.0 readiness level of Italian small and medium enterprises","volume":"180","author":"Tortora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chengula, Z., Morato, M.A.R., Thurner, T., Wiedensohler, Y., and Martin, L. (2018, January 17\u201320). State of Industry 4.0 across six French companies: A pilot study. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE\/ITMC), Stuttgart, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICE.2018.8436256"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1108\/TQM-10-2017-0123","article-title":"Process complexity as a future challenge\u2014A quality management perspective","volume":"30","author":"Kuhn","year":"2018","journal-title":"TQM J."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1108\/TQM-07-2013-0079","article-title":"What does the future hold for quality professionals in organizations of the twenty-first century?","volume":"25","author":"Antony","year":"2013","journal-title":"TQM J."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1080\/14783363.2018.1486536","article-title":"A Quality Scorecard for the era of Industry 4.0","volume":"29","author":"Shin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Total Qual. Manag."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.24874\/IJQR14.01-13","article-title":"Quality of Digital Product: Theory and Practice","volume":"14","author":"Popkova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.24874\/IJQR13.03-10","article-title":"The main notions, principles, and procedures of strategic quality management of small business in the system of digital economy in view of risks of drift: A cognitive approach","volume":"13","author":"Shokhnekh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.24874\/IJQR14.02-13","article-title":"The innovative approach to managing the product quality in the digital economy: Intellectual accounting and audit","volume":"14","author":"Gritsuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"82","article-title":"Quality Management in Industry 4.0 Era","volume":"8","author":"Zaidin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1108\/JMTM-02-2018-0057","article-title":"The future of manufacturing industry: A strategic roadmap toward Industry 4.0","volume":"29","author":"Ghobakhloo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Technol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.12776\/qip.v24i1.1415","article-title":"The New EFQM Model: What is Really New and Could Be Considered as a Suitable Tool with Respect to Quality 4.0 Concept?","volume":"24","year":"2020","journal-title":"Qual. Innov. Prosper."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2017.11.005","article-title":"Industry 4.0: A Korea perspective","volume":"132","author":"Sung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fonseca, L., Amaral, A., and Jos\u00e9 Oliveira, J. (2021). Quality 4.0: The EFQM 2020 Model and Industry 4.0 Relationships and Implications. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13063107"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2017.1308576","article-title":"Past, present and future of Industry 4.0\u2014a systematic literature review and research agenda proposal","volume":"55","author":"Liao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_85","unstructured":"Miller, K. (2020, July 07). Smart Quality Management: The Impact of Industry 4.0 on QMS 2020. Available online: https:\/\/www.pilgrimquality.com\/blog\/smart-quality-management-impact-industry\/."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.20448\/journal.522.2020.61.41.46","article-title":"Challenges in Transforming Assessments for 21st Century Skills Development: Lecturers\u2019 Perspective","volume":"6","author":"Murugiah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J. Educ. Train."},{"key":"ref_87","unstructured":"Blanchet, M., Rinn, T., Von Thaden, G., and Thieully, G. (2014). Industry 4.0: The New Industrial Revolution\u2014How Europe Will Succeed, Roland Berger Strategy Consultants."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"07005","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/201712107005","article-title":"Assessment procedure for the soft skills requested by Industry 4.0","volume":"121","author":"Cotet","year":"2017","journal-title":"MATEC Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"90","article-title":"An investigation of Industry 4.0 skills requirements","volume":"30","author":"Maisiri","year":"2019","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1080\/14783363.2017.1309120","article-title":"Culture of quality: Insight into foreign organizations in Slovakia","volume":"28","author":"Zgodavova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Total Qual. Manag. Bus. Excell."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1080\/14783363.2017.1310703","article-title":"Building a new culture for quality management in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution","volume":"28","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Total Qual. Manag."},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"214","article-title":"Critical success factors in the management of ideas as an essential component of innovation and business excellence","volume":"10","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Serv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.3846\/tede.2018.6397","article-title":"Management Approaches for Industry 4.0\u2014The organizational culture perspective","volume":"24","author":"Mohelska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technol. Econ. Dev. Econ."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stentoft, J., Jensen, K.W., Philipsen, K., and Haug, A. (2019, January 8\u201311). Drivers and barriers for Industry 4.0 readiness and practice: A SME perspective with empirical evidence. Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Wailea, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2019.619"},{"key":"ref_95","unstructured":"Walendowski, J., Kroll, H., and Schnabl, E. (2016). Regional Innovation Monitor Plus 2016: Thematic Paper 3\u2014Industry 4.0, Advanced Materials (Nanotechnology), European Communities."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ingaldi, M., and Ulewicz, R. (2020). Problems with the Implementation of Industry 4.0 in Enterprises from the SME Sector. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12010217"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1108\/JBIM-10-2015-0190","article-title":"Adoption of the internet of things technologies in business procurement: Impact on organizational buying behaviour","volume":"33","author":"Osmonbekov","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ind. Mark."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"54","article-title":"Industry 4.0: The future of productivity and growth in manufacturing industries","volume":"9","author":"Lorenz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Boston Consult. Group"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mfglet.2014.12.001","article-title":"A cyber-physical systems architecture for industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Manuf. Lett."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-05-2019-0304","article-title":"Industry 4.0 technologies in the purchasing process","volume":"120","author":"Gottge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind. Manag. Data Syst."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2018.08.019","article-title":"The expected contribution of Industry 4.0 technologies for industrial performance","volume":"204","author":"Dalenogare","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ojra, A. (2018, January 10\u201312). Revisiting Industry 4.0: A new definition. Proceedings of the Science and Information Conference, London, UK.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01174-1_88"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.futures.2017.04.008","article-title":"Commentary: New Currents in Science: The Challenge of Quality, examining the discrepancies and incongruities between Japanese techno-scientific policy and the citizens\u2019 science movement in post-3\/11 Japan","volume":"91","author":"Tsukahara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Futures"}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/13\/11\/6149\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:08:59Z","timestamp":1760162939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/13\/11\/6149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["su13116149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su13116149","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]]}}}