{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T07:20:25Z","timestamp":1776756025886,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Horizon 2020","award":["727451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["727451"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2018\/31\/B\/HS4\/03890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2018\/31\/B\/HS4\/03890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper examines the concept of maritime multi-use as a territorial\/SPATIAL governance instrument for the enhancement of sustainable development in five EU sea basins. Multi-use (MU) is expected to enhance the productivity of blue economy sectors, as well as deliver additional socio-economic benefits related to the environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development. The paper provides a definition of maritime multi-use and identifies the multi-uses with the highest potential in EU sea basins. In each sea basin, multi-use plays a different role as concerns sustainable development. For the Eastern Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, the MU focus should remain on the environmental pillar of sustainable development. In the North Sea, North Atlantic and Western Baltic Sea, addressing social sustainability seems a key precondition for success of MU in enhancement of sustainable spatial development at sea. Moreover, it has been suggested to introduce MU key global strategies such as SDGs or Macroregional strategies and action plans and to supplement maritime spatial planning with sectoral incentives and educational efforts as key vehicles supporting MU. The paper concludes by identifying aspects which, in order to inform maritime spatial planning and maritime governance regarding a more conscious application of the aforementioned concept, require further investigation. Key tasks are related to: more profound evaluation of performance of policies supporting MUs, researching the impact of MU on societal goals and on the MU costs and benefits, including external ones, and finally identifying the impact of MU on the development of various sectors and regions on land.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su13158159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T22:37:14Z","timestamp":1626993434000},"page":"8159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Multi-Use of the Sea as a Sustainable Development Instrument in Five EU Sea Basins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Przedrzymirska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Zaucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maritime Institute in Gda\u0144sk, Gdynia Maritime University, 80-830 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"},{"name":"Institute for Development in Sopot, 81-706 Sopot, Poland"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Calado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Marine Environmental Sciences Centre, UAc\/FCT-MARE, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Lukic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUBMARINER Network, 10827 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Bocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"t-ELIKA SRL, 30133 Venice, Italy"}]},{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Ramieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thetis, 30122 Venice, Italy"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Varona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, School of Science and Technology, UAc\/FCT-MARE, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4871-7874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Barbanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR-ISMAR, 30122 Venice, Italy"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Depellegrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR-ISMAR, 30122 Venice, Italy"},{"name":"Ocean & Human Health Chair, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7248-8322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"de Sousa Verg\u00edlio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO \u2013 Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources\/InBIO \u2013 Associate Laboratory, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Schultz-Zehden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUBMARINER Network, 10827 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9481-494X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Onyango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, School of Social Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Papaioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, School of Social Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7491-3273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bela","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Aquaculture, Biosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany"},{"name":"Applied Marine Biology and Aquaculture, University of Applied Sciences, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany"}]},{"given":"Gesche","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Aquaculture, Biosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Schupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, School of Social Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK"},{"name":"Marine Aquaculture, Biosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany"}]},{"given":"Rianne","family":"L\u00e4kamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecorys, 1040 Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Kazimierz","family":"Szefler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maritime Institute in Gda\u0144sk, Gdynia Maritime University, 80-830 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Micha\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maritime Institute in Gda\u0144sk, Gdynia Maritime University, 80-830 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}]},{"given":"Mairi","family":"Maniopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 19013 Attiki, Greece"}]},{"given":"Vassiliki","family":"Vassilopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 19013 Attiki, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5218-6092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zacharoula","family":"Kyriazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 19013 Attiki, Greece"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Krystyna","family":"Gawlikowska-Hueckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Development in Sopot, 81-706 Sopot, Poland"}]},{"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Szultka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Macroeconomics, Faculty of Economics, University of 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