{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T05:33:08Z","timestamp":1772343188943,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ver\u00e3o com Ci\u00eancias - Hands on Science for Sustainable AgriFood Production: From the Soil to the Fork"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ver\u00e3o com Ci\u00eancias - Hands on Science for Sustainable AgriFood Production: From the Soil to the Fork"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007434","name":"Agencia de Inovacao","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project \"MobFood - Mobilisation of scientific and technological knowledge in response to the challenges of the AgriFood market\" (POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024524)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project \"MobFood - Mobilisation of scientific and technological knowledge in response to the challenges of the AgriFood market\" (POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024524)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Every year, agri-food industries in industrialised countries produce approximately 1.3 billion tonnes of food loss and waste. The adoption of a circular economy policy has received special attention by the agri-food industries, allowing for the creation and development of new food products made of by-products that would otherwise be wasted or used for secondary applications. The present work, of an exploratory nature, aims to assess how consumers conceptualise the circular economy in order to identify consumer recognition of the use of by-products from the food industry to upcycle food products and to evaluate attitudes towards the circular economy. To this end, a mixed-methodology was applied to 340 participants. The first part was qualitative and used free word association to evaluate consumers\u2019 conceptualisation of the circular economy and use of by-products as foods. Data were analysed by grouping the responses into exclusive and exhaustive categories and a correspondence analysis was also performed to originate perceptual maps. Additionally, a questionnaire was designed to evaluate major concepts and attitudes correlated with the circular economy. Data were reduced by principal component analysis (PCA) and participants grouped through clustering. Results showed that consumers understand circular economy as related mainly into Sustainability, Economy, and Circularity dimensions. Participants had great difficulty identifying the by-products used as foods or as food ingredients. From the quantitative data, four groups were identified based on the associations to the six principal components originated by the PCA. However, the results highlighted a very low association with all clusters of the Food Valorisation dimension within the concept of the circular economy, and also a lack of a clear understanding of consumers\u2019 attitudes towards food products from the circular economy. Greater promotion and dissemination by the competent entities aimed at the general public may contribute towards greater integration, participation and acceptance of the circular economy concept for the upscaling of food by-products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su132011340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T23:02:16Z","timestamp":1634252536000},"page":"11340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Consumer Perception of the Circular Economy Concept Applied to the Food Domain: An Exploratory Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7477-5237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Manuel","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GreenUPorto\u2013Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre\/INOV4Agro, Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio (DGAOT), Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, R. da Agr\u00e1ria, 747, 4485-646 Vila do Conde, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GreenUPorto\u2013Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre\/INOV4Agro, Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio (DGAOT), Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, R. da Agr\u00e1ria, 747, 4485-646 Vila do Conde, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Pinto","family":"de Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GreenUPorto\u2013Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre\/INOV4Agro, Departamento de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (DCeT), Universidade Aberta, Rua do Amial, 752, 4200-055 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui Costa","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SenseTest, Lda, Rua Zeferino Costa, 341, 4400-345 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4590-7533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Miguel","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GreenUPorto\u2013Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre\/INOV4Agro, Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio (DGAOT), Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, R. da Agr\u00e1ria, 747, 4485-646 Vila do Conde, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FoodDrinkEurope (2021, February 25). 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