{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T01:30:36Z","timestamp":1775093436902,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acacia dealbata and A. mearnsii are two invasive species found in coastal, mountain, and riparian Mediterranean habitats. Seed biology and germination traits are important drivers of the competitive performance of plants and may significantly contribute to biological invasions. The seeds of Acacia s.l. have physical dormancy due to an impermeable epidermal layer. The aim of this study was to assess the germination capacity of scarified and non-scarified seeds of A. dealbata and A. mearnsii from different areas of the Mediterranean Basin. To test the seed imbibition capacity, the increase in mass was evaluated. Non-scarified seeds were tested at 15, 20, and 25 \u00b0C in light conditions. Scarified seeds were tested at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 \u00b0C and 25\/10 \u00b0C in light and dark conditions. Scarified seeds increased in mass more than non-scarified seeds. Both species showed a higher germination capacity at 25 \u00b0C in non-scarified seeds; A. dealbata reached a germination maximum of 55%, while A. mearnsii reached 40%, showing a difference among these populations. Scarified seeds of both species reached germination percentages &gt;95% at all temperatures except at 5 \u00b0C in dark conditions. Scarification was necessary to break dormancy and promote germination. The present study provides new knowledge about the seed ecology and germinative behaviour of the two Acacia species under different pre-treatment, temperature, and photoperiod regimes, contributing to the understanding of their invasive behaviour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su132111588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T22:07:04Z","timestamp":1634767624000},"page":"11588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Seed Germination Ecophysiology of Acacia dealbata Link and Acacia mearnsii De Wild.: Two Invasive Species in the Mediterranean Basin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ludovica","family":"Dess\u00ec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Podda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3076-4098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Brundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5910-0995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Carrou\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APDRA Pisciculture Paysanne, Non-Profit NGO, 91300 Massy, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1303-7489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabete","family":"Marchante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3247-5663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lia","family":"Marchante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology\u2014Science for People & the Planet, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Yohan","family":"Petit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office de l\u2019Environnement de la Corse, Conservatoire Botanique National de Corse (CBNC), 20250 Corte, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3180-9000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Porceddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"},{"name":"Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1714-3978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Bacchetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"},{"name":"Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/0309133309341607","article-title":"Impacts of Alien Plant Invasions on Species Richness in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"33","author":"Gaertner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. 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