{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:51:14Z","timestamp":1767340274094,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic impacted adolescents\u2019 lives, leading to unprecedented changes in their routines, especially in education. Face-to-face physical education (PE) classes during COVID-19 were affected in organization, possibly conditioning students\u2019 participation, motivation and learning. Based on the achievement goal and self-determination theories, the aim of this study was to analyze and compare the motivational indicators of adolescents in face-to-face PE classes during COVID-19, according to gender, educational level and physical activity (PA). A total of 1369 students participated in the study (621 boys and 748 girls; mean age: 14.4 years; SD: 1.74). Data were collected via an online questionnaire and analyzed using MANCOVAs adjusted for age, pre- and post-COVID-19 PA, socioeconomic status and BMI (Z-score). Differences in achievement goals, motivational climate and motivational regulation levels were found in different groups by gender, PA and educational level, favoring older and more active participants. A more positive motivational profile was found for girls in general and, specifically, for active boys, regarding more self-determined motivations and mastery goal orientations. Overall, this study\u2019s findings suggest that the restrictions related to face-to-face PE classes during the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on students\u2019 motivation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su132313051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T03:12:40Z","timestamp":1638328360000},"page":"13051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Motivation and Perceived Motivational Climate by Adolescents in Face-to-Face Physical Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8526-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Mata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2486-3754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Onofre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana e UIDEF, Instituto de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3623-6715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, School of Education, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Madalena","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iscte-Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Estudos de Sociologia (CIES_Iscte), 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9850-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adilson","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2540-6678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana e UIDEF, Instituto de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2020). 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