{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T15:30:06Z","timestamp":1774279806888,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["project UIDB\/05037\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project UIDB\/05037\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This analysis explored the effect of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) in a panel of twenty-nine countries from the European Union (EU) from 2010 to 2020. The method of moments quantile regression (MM-QR) was used, and the ordinary least squares with fixed effects (OLSfe) was used to verify the robustness of the results. The MM-QR support that in all three quantiles, economic growth causes a positive impact on GHGs. In the 50th and 75th quantiles, energy consumption causes a positive effect on GHGs. BEVs in the 25th, 50th, and 75th quantiles have a negative impact on GHGs. The OLSfe reveals that economic growth has a negative effect on GHGs, which contradicts the results from MM-QR. Energy consumption positively impacts GHGs. BEVs negatively impacts GHGs. Although the EU has supported a more sustainable transport system, accelerating the adoption of BEVs still requires effective political planning to achieve net-zero emissions. Thus, BEVs are an important technology to reduce GHGs to achieve the EU targets of decarbonising the energy sector. This research topic can open policy discussion between industry, government, and researchers, towards ensuring that BEVs provide a climate change mitigation pathway in the EU region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su132413611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T02:07:18Z","timestamp":1639102038000},"page":"13611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Effect of Battery Electric Vehicles on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 29 European Union Countries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6937-5420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alberto","family":"Fuinhas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Business and Economics Research, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, 3004-512 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0062-4476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus","family":"Koengkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Economia, Gest\u00e3o, Engenharia Industrial e Turismo, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7602-2615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno Carlos","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Santar\u00e9m, Center for Advanced Studies in Management and Economics, \u00c9vora University, 7000-812 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for African and Development Studies, Lisbon University, 1200-781 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4451-1833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chinazaekpere","family":"Nwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Development Studies, Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki 1010, Nigeria"}]},{"given":"Gizem","family":"Uzuner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Finance, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul 34310, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Dehdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, 3004-512 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Relva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Power Engineering and Electrical Automation (PEA) (POLI), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-010, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4466-1284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Drielli","family":"Peyerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Energy and Environment, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2020.105228","article-title":"Weather shocks, climate change and human health","volume":"138","author":"Meierrieks","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Dev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-021-03001-7","article-title":"Observations of greenhouse gases as climate indicators","volume":"165","author":"Bruhwiler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clim. 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