{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:47:41Z","timestamp":1760402861480,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10001C_189407","51NF40-185901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10001C_189407","51NF40-185901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"LARSyS\u2014Portuguese national funding agency","award":["UIDB\/50009\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50009\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated whether the relations of the cognitive reserve markers education and cognitive level of work to the physical and the mental component of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were mediated via cognitive functioning in a large sample of 701 older adults (mean age = 70.36 years, SD = 6.87). HRQoL was measured with the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey. To measure cognitive functioning, we used the COGTEL, which is a cognitive test battery assessing prospective memory, verbal short-term memory, verbal long-term memory, working memory, verbal fluency, and inductive reasoning, combined into a composite score. Individuals reported information on their education and their main profession during their working life. Mediation analyses showed that better cognitive functioning mediated the association of higher values in the cognitive reserve markers (longer education and a high cognitive level of work) with higher HRQoL. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the sustainability of cognitive functioning in old age with the help of cognitive reserve is fundamental for the sustainability of quality of life, presumably particularly for the mental HRQoL component.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su14020826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T09:10:36Z","timestamp":1641978636000},"page":"826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cognitive Functioning Mediates the Association of Cognitive Reserve with Health-Related Quality of Life"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Ihle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES\u2014Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0927-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9lvio R.","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruna R.","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Health, Secretary of Health of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, 9004-515 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Saint Joseph of Cluny Higher School of Nursing, 9050-535 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9850-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adilson","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"ISAMB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1295-0826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscila","family":"Marconcin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"KinesioLab, Research Unit in Human Movement Analysis, Piaget Institute, 2805-059 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3577-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"de Maio Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do S\u00e3o Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2369-4557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jefferson","family":"Jurema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69065-001, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Tin\u00f4co","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordination of Physical Education and Sport, Federal Institute of Science and Technology Education of Amazonas, Manaus 69020-120, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Kliegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES\u2014Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61597-X","article-title":"Health in an ageing world\u2014What do we know?","volume":"385","author":"Suzman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1159\/000477628","article-title":"The role of leisure activities in mediating the relationship between physical health and well-being: Differential patterns in old and very old age","volume":"63","author":"Ihle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216318807051","article-title":"Symptom prevalence and quality of life of patients with end-stage liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Palliat. 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