{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:38:23Z","timestamp":1762522703439,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The question of trace metal elements (TME) is still relevant and causes several environmental problems. Moreover, the digestion methods of TME have a significant impact on ecosystems. Sample preparation is an important step of any analytical procedure. In fact, defining the levels of TME in vegetal tissues requires various steps: drying samples, crushing, extraction, and dosage. The use of chemical extraction solutions can be put into question. Other than their lack of specificity, they are susceptible to provoking the redistribution and\/or re-fixation of a part of the metallic ions between the various vegetal components. Our study aims to test the procedures of extraction that are specific for the metals Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca, Cr and Ba. Our results show an outstanding difference in the levels of TME derived from the same vegetal sample, according to the various techniques of extraction. In fact, cold extraction by nitric acid diluted at 10% is the most efficient way to put the ions of Cu, Zn, Fe and Ca into a solution. Meanwhile, the use of heated extraction using different acid digestion approaches is the most efficient for Cr and Ba solubilization from Atriplex portulacoides, Arthrocnemum indicum, Olea europaea BCR-62, Ulva lactuca and Ulva lactuca BCR-279.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su14031428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T04:49:51Z","timestamp":1643258991000},"page":"1428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Assessment of Extraction Methods of Trace Metallic Elements in Plants: Approval of a Common Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7187-0386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noomene","family":"Sleimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RME-Laboratory of Resources, Materials, and Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2758-5304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Insaf","family":"Bankaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RME-Laboratory of Resources, Materials, and Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Rim","family":"Kouki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RME-Laboratory of Resources, Materials, and Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Nesrine","family":"Dridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RME-Laboratory of Resources, Materials, and Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1914-7435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Vegetal da Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Ca\u00e7ador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Vegetal da Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04691","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans","volume":"6","author":"Briffa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-020-0061-y","article-title":"Metal contamination and bioremediation of agricultural soils for food safety and sustainability","volume":"1","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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