{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T15:28:43Z","timestamp":1772033323799,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["315694\/2021-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315694\/2021-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201.225\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201.225\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Freight transport decarbonization is currently an urgent challenge. Decarbonization strategies have a specific time to take effect, and it is essential to consider their time dependence. The system dynamics approach is well suited to represent feedback, lagged responses, and the time dependence of decarbonization strategies. We carried out a systematic literature review of system dynamics models in relation to strategies for freight decarbonization to identify the treatment of relevant dynamics of the system within the models. The 50 studies that fulfilled our search criteria were categorized by decarbonization strategies, the external factors needed to support them, and simulated policy instruments. The results show that no model presented a broad view of the system, addressing a limited combination of strategies. Most importantly, system dynamics models do not clarify how time-dependent behavior is determined, which indicates a significant research gap that can be critical for understanding the policy\u2019s urgency and impacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su14063625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:37:17Z","timestamp":1647812237000},"page":"3625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Freight Transport Decarbonization: A Systematic Literature Review of System Dynamics Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8846-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f4nica","family":"Ghisolfi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transportation Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-594, Brazil"}]},{"given":"L\u00f3r\u00e1nt Antal","family":"Tavasszy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Transport and Logistics, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9785-3135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo Homem de Almeida","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transport and Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6359-9063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gisele de Lorena Diniz","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Technology, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, S\u00e3o Mateus 29932-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8452-057X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glaydston Mattos","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transportation Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-594, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"The World Bank (2021, December 23). 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