{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T21:12:03Z","timestamp":1762377123828,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N.\u00ba 766311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N.\u00ba 766311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04449\/2020; UIDP\/04449\/2020, nr. CEECIND\/00791\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04449\/2020; UIDP\/04449\/2020, nr. CEECIND\/00791\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004271","name":"Sapienza University of Rome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RM120172AE4E11D6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM120172AE4E11D6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Archeobotanical materials recovered from pottery vessels originating from the underwater archeological site of \u201cGran Carro\u201d, located in Central Italy on the shore of Bolsena Lake, were analyzed to obtain new insight into the agricultural habits present in this Iron Age settlement. The archeobotanical study of cereal remains was combined with analytical data obtained from an amorphous organic residue using optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, ATR\/FT-IR and Py-GC\/MS. The cereal remains of emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica) were identified as the preferred crops used for food and\/or fodder at the site. The presence of charred millets, which have been directly dated by AMS, confirms consumption at the site and adds to the little-known background of millet use in central Italy. The find of millets in a perilacustrine pile-dwelling during a period when the water level of the Bolsena Lake was several meters lower than at present, attesting to a general dry period, suggests that the cultivation of millets, complementing more productive crops of wheat and barley, may have been favored by the availability of a large seasonally dry coastal plain, characterized by poor and sandy soils unsuitable for more demanding cereals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su14073941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T21:31:25Z","timestamp":1648416685000},"page":"3941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Millets and Cereal Meals from the Early Iron Age Underwater Settlement of \u201cGran Carro\u201d (Bolsena Lake, Central Italy)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1736-0438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Fundurulic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-809 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ilenia","family":"Valenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Celant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Barbaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la Provincia di Viterbo e per l\u2019Etruria Meridionale, Via Cavalletti, 2, 00186 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8764-2310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mafalda","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-809 Evora, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences, School of Sciences and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-671 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6350-9408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Manhita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-809 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Egidio","family":"Severi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la Provincia di Viterbo e per l\u2019Etruria Meridionale, Via Cavalletti, 2, 00186 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Barrocas Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERCULES Laboratory, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-809 Evora, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, 7000-671 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7254-593X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donatella","family":"Magri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Fioravanti, A., Camerini, E., Pennacchioni, G., and Monardo, L. 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