{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T13:34:46Z","timestamp":1777037686254,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Organic food purchase behavior is attracting increasing attention from researchers and managers. However, there is a need to further explore differences among groups of consumers, namely with regards to cultural dimensions. To help fill this gap, this article aims to examine the impact of collectivism on the determinants of organic food purchase intention and behavior. Building on the theory of planned behavior, this article suggests its extension by considering an additional set of explanatory variables that are shown to be relevant to explain consumer behavior. It includes a quantitative study conducted with young consumers from two European countries, Norway (n = 468) and Portugal (n = 448). Structural equation modelling allowed to conclude that collectivism positively impacts attitude, subjective norm, perceived price, and environmental concern towards organic food. The expected positive impacts of collectivism on product availability and health concerns were not supported by the study. Furthermore, the positive impact of attitude, subjective norm, perceived price, health consciousness, and environmental concerns on intention to purchase organic food were also confirmed, even though availability had an insignificant impact on intentions. Finally, and aligned with extant literature, this study also found a positive impact of intention to purchase behavior on organic food. Interestingly, the positive relationship between Collectivism and Availability, and between Availability and Purchase Intention, was only significant for Portugal. The study confirms the relevance of considering cultural dimensions, particularly collectivism\/individualism, to further understand consumer behaviors toward organic food. Based on the findings, implications for both managers and researchers are highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su14127361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T21:19:26Z","timestamp":1655673566000},"page":"7361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["How Collectivism Affects Organic Food Purchase Intention and Behavior: A Study with Norwegian and Portuguese Young Consumers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Catarina","family":"Roseira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEF.UP, School of Economics and Management, University of Porto, 4200-464 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5859-0002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandrina","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEOS.PP, School of Accounting and Administration of Porto, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4057-360X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belem","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEF.UP, School of Economics and Management, University of Porto, 4200-464 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, University of Porto, 4200-464 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IFOAM (2019). IFOAM EU Annual Report 2019, IFOAM."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Renub Research (2022, January 04). Organic Food and Beverage Market. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchandmarkets.com\/reports\/5459135\/organic-food-and-beverage-market-global-forecast."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fle\u0219eriu, C., Cosma, S.A., and Boc\u0103ne\u021b, V. (2020). Values and Planned Behaviour of the Romanian Organic Food Consumer. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12051722"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2021.104191","article-title":"Extending the theory of planned behavior to understand consumer purchase behavior for organic vegetables in Brazil: The role of perceived health benefits, perceived sustainability benefits and perceived price","volume":"91","author":"Dorce","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Qual. Prefer."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2016.02.008","article-title":"Theory of planned behavior approach to understand the green purchasing behavior in the EU: A cross-cultural study","volume":"125","author":"Liobikiene","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1108\/JADEE-02-2019-0018","article-title":"What drives Malaysian consumers\u2019 organic food purchase intention? The role of moral norm, self-identity, environmental concern and price consciousness","volume":"9","author":"Saleki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agribus. Dev. Emerg. Econ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.08.106","article-title":"Factors influencing Indian consumers\u2019 actual buying behaviour towards organic food products","volume":"167","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2019.103838","article-title":"Intention-behaviour gap and perceived behavioural control-behaviour gap in theory of planned behaviour: Moderating roles of communication, satisfaction and trust in organic food consumption","volume":"81","author":"Sultan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Qual. Prefer."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1108\/00070700510629760","article-title":"Subjective norms, attitudes and intentions of Finnish consumers in buying organic food","volume":"107","author":"Tarkiainen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. Food J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Tran, A.T., and Nguyen, N.T. (2021). Organic Food Consumption among Households in Hanoi: Importance of Situational Factors. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132212496"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2015.09.017","article-title":"Intention to purchase organic food among young consumers: Evidences from a developing nation","volume":"96","author":"Yadav","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2017.02.007","article-title":"Predicting organic food consumption: A meta-analytic structural equation model based on the theory of planned behavior","volume":"112","author":"Scalco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teixeira, S.F., Barbosa, B., Cunha, H., and Oliveira, Z. (2022). Exploring the Antecedents of Organic Food Purchase Intention: An Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14010242"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2022.102988","article-title":"Unveiling ways to reach organic purchase: Green perceived value, perceived knowledge, attitude, subjective norm, and trust","volume":"67","author":"Roh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2017.06.004","article-title":"Consumer behavior and purchase intention for organic food: A review and research agenda","volume":"38","author":"Rana","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"181","article-title":"Cross-cultural consumer behavior: A review of research findings","volume":"23","author":"Mooij","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Int. Consum. Mark."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boobalan, K., Nawaz, N., Harindranath, R.M., and Gajenderan, V. (2021). Influence of Altruistic Motives on Organic Food Purchase: Theory of Planned Behavior. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13116023"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/beer.12333","article-title":"\u201cA healthy outside starts from the inside\u201d: A matter of sustainable consumption behavior in Italy and Pakistan","volume":"30","author":"Ishaq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bus. Ethic-Environ. Responsib."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1080\/09640568.2012.733310","article-title":"A multi-country level analysis of the environmental attitudes and behaviours among young consumers","volume":"56","author":"Alves","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Environ. Plan. Manag."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2017.12.002","article-title":"Impact of culture, behavior and gender on green purchase intention","volume":"41","author":"Sreen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"OECD (2022, January 04). Norway. Available online: http:\/\/data.oecd.org\/norway.htm."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"OECD (2022, January 04). Portugal. Available online: https:\/\/data.oecd.org\/portugal.htm."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2019.101988","article-title":"Organic consumerism: A comparison between India and the USA","volume":"53","author":"Boobalan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"European Commission (2020). Attitudes of Europeans towards the Environment, European Commission."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi, X., and Ploeger, A. (2021). Explaining Chinese Consumers\u2019 Green Food Purchase Intentions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10061200"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pang, S., Tan, B., and Lau, T. (2021). Antecedents of Consumers\u2019 Purchase Intention towards Organic Food: Integration of Theory of Planned Behavior and Protection Motivation Theory. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13095218"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, L., Wang, M., and Gong, S. (2019). Understanding the Antecedents of Organic Food Purchases: The Important Roles of Beliefs, Subjective Norms, and Identity Expressiveness. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11113045"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le, M.H., and Nguyen, P.M. (2022). Integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Norm Activation Model to Investigate Organic Food Purchase Intention: Evidence from Vietnam. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14020816"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","article-title":"The Theory of Planned Behavior","volume":"50","author":"Ajzen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Fishbein, M., and Azjen, I. (1980). Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior, Prentice-Hall."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leyva-Hern\u00e1ndez, S.N., Toledo-L\u00f3pez, A., and Hern\u00e1ndez-Lara, A.B. (2021). Purchase Intention for Organic Food Products in Mexico: The Mediation of Consumer Desire. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10020245"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, H.V., Nguyen, N., Nguyen, B.K., and Greenland, S. (2021). Sustainable Food Consumption: Investigating Organic Meat Purchase Intention by Vietnamese Consumers. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13020953"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1080\/09640568.2020.1785404","article-title":"Purchase intention toward organic food among young consumers using theory of planned behavior: Role of environmental concerns and environmental awareness","volume":"64","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Plan. Manag."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1108\/BFJ-05-2013-0105","article-title":"The role of subjective norms in theory of planned behavior in the context of organic food consumption","volume":"116","author":"Huque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. Food J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavite, H.J., Mankeb, P., and Suwanmaneepong, S. (2021). Community enterprise consumers\u2019 intention to purchase organic rice in Thailand: The moderating role of product traceability knowledge. Br. Food J.","DOI":"10.1108\/BFJ-02-2021-0148"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamenidou, I.E., Stavrianea, A., and Bara, E.-Z. (2020). Generational Differences toward Organic Food Behavior: Insights from Five Generational Cohorts. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12062299"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123058","article-title":"Increasing organic food consumption: An integrating model of drivers and barriers","volume":"275","author":"Hansmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2017.08.006","article-title":"Determinant factors influencing organic food purchase intention and the moderating role of awareness: A comparative analysis","volume":"63","author":"Asif","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Qual. Prefer."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/0092070398261002","article-title":"The Antecedents of Preventive Health Care Behavior: An Empirical Study","volume":"26","author":"Jayanti","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Acad. Mark. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2020.102423","article-title":"Role of consumer health consciousness, food safety & attitude on organic food purchase in emerging market: A serial mediation model","volume":"59","author":"Nagaraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes, F., Madureira, T., and Veiga, J. (2021). The Organic Food Choice Pattern: Are Organic Consumers Becoming More Alike?. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10050983"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wojciechowska-Solis, J., and Barska, A. (2021). Exploring the Preferences of Consumers\u2019 Organic Products in Aspects of Sustainable Consumption: The Case of the Polish Consumer. Agriculture, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture11020138"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, T.T.M., Phan, T.H., Nguyen, H.L., Dang, T.K.T., and Nguyen, N.D. (2019). Antecedents of Purchase Intention toward Organic Food in an Asian Emerging Market: A Study of Urban Vietnamese Consumers. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11174773"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Pham, T.L., and Dang, V.T. (2020). Environmental Consciousness and Organic Food Purchase Intention: A Moderated Mediation Model of Perceived Food Quality and Price Sensitivity. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030850"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, McGrawHill."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1057\/s41267-016-0038-8","article-title":"An overview of Hofstede-inspired country-level culture research in international business since 2006","volume":"48","author":"Beugelsdijk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Int. Bus. Stud."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2012.08.020","article-title":"To be or not to be green: Exploring individualism and collectivism as antecedents of environmental behavior","volume":"66","author":"Cho","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.5465\/ame.2004.12689599","article-title":"The many dimensions of culture","volume":"18","author":"Triandis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60358-5","article-title":"Normative Influences on Altruism","volume":"Volume 10","author":"Berkowitz","year":"1977","journal-title":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reisch, L., and Th\u00f8gersen, J. (2015). Consumer responsibility for sustainable consumption. Handbook of Research on Sustainable Consumption, Edward Elgar Publishing.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781783471270"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2021.01.019","article-title":"Circular economy engagement: Altruism, status, and cultural orientation as drivers for sustainable consumption","volume":"27","author":"Pinto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain. Prod. Consum."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1108\/MIP-12-2012-0146","article-title":"Consumer characteristics and social influence factors on green purchasing intentions","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mark. Intell. Plan."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2013.799450","article-title":"\u201cI Eat Organic for My Benefit and Yours\u201d: Egoistic and Altruistic Considerations for Purchasing Organic Food and Their Implications for Advertising Strategists","volume":"43","author":"Kareklas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Advert."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0148-2963(94)90068-X","article-title":"The recycling of solid wastes: Personal values, value orientations, and attitudes about recycling as antecedents of recycling behavior","volume":"30","author":"McCarty","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Ka\u011fit\u00e7iba\u015fi, \u00c7. (1987). Structure of collectivism. Growth and Progress in Cross-Cultural Psychology, Swets North America."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2006.05.012","article-title":"Culture, product type, and price influences on consumer purchase intention to buy personalized products online","volume":"61","author":"Moon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"83","article-title":"The influence of cultural values and environmental attitudes on green consumer behaviour","volume":"7","author":"Samarasinghe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"592","article-title":"Antecedents of green purchase behavior: An examination of collectivism, environmental concern, and PCE","volume":"Volume 32","author":"Menon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Advances in Consumer Research"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2016.11.063","article-title":"The Exploring Relationships between Environmental Concern, Collectivism and Ecological Purchase Intention","volume":"235","author":"Atalar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia-Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"66","article-title":"Understanding green purchase: The influence of collectivism, personal values and environmental attitudes, and the moderating effect of perceived consumer effectiveness","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seoul J. Bus."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., and Anderson, R.E. (2018). Multivariate Data Analysis, Cengage. [8th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1123\/jtpe.19.3.374","article-title":"Translating Questionnaires and Inventories Using a Cross-Cultural Translation Technique","volume":"19","author":"Banville","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Teach. Phys. Educ."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1108\/BFJ-10-2019-0761","article-title":"Food for thought: Identifying the influential factors that affect consumption of organic produce in today\u2019s youth","volume":"122","author":"Prorok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. Food J."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1108\/02634501111153674","article-title":"Attitudes towards environmentally friendly products: The influence of ecoliteracy, interpersonal influence and value orientation","volume":"29","author":"Cheah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mark. Intell. Plan."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1080\/0965254X.2018.1447984","article-title":"Evaluating the purchase behaviour of organic food by young consumers in an emerging market economy","volume":"27","author":"Pham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Strat. Mark."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124100028003003","article-title":"Multiple imputation for missing data\u2014A cautionary tale","volume":"28","author":"Allison","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sociol. Methods Res."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Kline, R.B. (2016). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, The Guilford Press. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrne, B.M. (2016). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming, Routledge. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315757421"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"295","article-title":"The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling","volume":"295","author":"Chin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mod. Methods Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2012.03.023","article-title":"Consumers\u2019 beliefs and behavioural intentions towards organic food. Evidence from the Czech Republic","volume":"59","author":"Zagata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2016.12.019","article-title":"Determinants of Consumers\u2019 Green Purchase Behavior in a Developing Nation: Applying and Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior","volume":"134","author":"Yadav","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.06.120","article-title":"Young consumers\u2019 intention towards buying green products in a developing nation: Extending the theory of planned behavior","volume":"135","author":"Yadav","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kokthi, E., Thoma, L., Saary, R., and Kelemen-Erdos, A. (2022). Disconfirmation of Taste as a Measure of Trust in Brands: An Experimental Study on Mineral Water. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11091276"},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"193","article-title":"Measuring Hofstede\u2019s five dimensions of cultural values at the individual level: Development and validation of CVSCALE","volume":"23","author":"Yoo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Int. Consum. Mark."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2015.11.006","article-title":"Predicting green product consumption using theory of planned behavior and reasoned action","volume":"29","author":"Paul","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1080\/09669581003777747","article-title":"Understanding how consumers view green hotels: How a hotel\u2019s green image can influence behavioural intentions","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Tour."}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/14\/12\/7361\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:32:45Z","timestamp":1760139165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/14\/12\/7361"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["su14127361"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su14127361","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]}}}