{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T22:11:04Z","timestamp":1767910264899,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Interreg VA Spain-Portugal Programme (EU)","award":["0366_RES2VALHUM_1_P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0366_RES2VALHUM_1_P"]}]},{"name":"Interreg VA Spain-Portugal Programme (EU)","award":["UMINHO\/BD\/40\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMINHO\/BD\/40\/2016"]}]},{"name":"Interreg VA Spain-Portugal Programme (EU)","award":["NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000033"]}]},{"name":"Operational Programme Norte 2020","award":["0366_RES2VALHUM_1_P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0366_RES2VALHUM_1_P"]}]},{"name":"Operational Programme Norte 2020","award":["UMINHO\/BD\/40\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMINHO\/BD\/40\/2016"]}]},{"name":"Operational Programme Norte 2020","award":["NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The potential of composts produced from different origin residues to be used in environmentally friendly agriculture is addressed in this work. Seven composts obtained from different raw materials and composting methodologies are compared using elemental, thermal and spectroscopic characterization data. Despite the stabilization of the organic matter in all composts being adequate for agricultural applications, they display distinct elemental and structural compositions. Likewise, the fertilisers have very different effects on lettuce growth. Despite the observed differences, some common features were found, namely a mass loss (TGA) of 25.2 g per mol C, association between groups of elements (Fe, Al, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu and S; Mg, Na, K and P, C, Coxi, N and Pb) and correlations between the amount of carbon nanostructures and the characteristic aromaticity parameters. These results suggest that the tuning of the compost features for specific cultures may be possible for sustainable food production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su14127449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T21:19:26Z","timestamp":1655673566000},"page":"7449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Distinctive Features of Composts of Different Origin: A Thorough Examination of the Characterization Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9000-3752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Catarina","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Cross-Disciplinary Research Centre in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS), Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1854-0753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9604-4635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Antelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cross-Disciplinary Research Centre in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS), Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Valderrama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Campo Mour\u00e3o (UTFPR-CM), Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1, Campo Mour\u00e3o 87301-006, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0822-8248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Gley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine\/CNRS, UMR 7360, F-54000 Nancy, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7925-9733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Paulo","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine\/CNRS, UMR 7360, F-54000 Nancy, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0079-6470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Fiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cross-Disciplinary Research Centre in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS), Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0106-2089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Bento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/agec.12089","article-title":"The Future of Food Demand: Understanding Differences in Global Economic Models","volume":"45","author":"Valin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agric. 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