{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T15:14:26Z","timestamp":1779376466875,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":198,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Additive manufacturing has drawn significant attention in both academia and industry due to its capabilities and promising potential in various sectors. However, the adoption of this technology in large-scale construction is still limited due to the numerous existing challenges. In this work, a comprehensive review of large-scale automated additive construction, its challenges, and emerging advances with a focus on robotic solutions and environmental sustainability is presented. The potential interrelations of the two topics are also discussed. A new classification scheme of available and emerging robotic solutions in automated additive construction is presented. Moreover, the vision of environmental sustainability is explored through three lenses: process, material, and printed large-scale structures\/buildings. Finally, the current challenges and potential future directions are highlighted. The provided state of the art and challenges can be used as a guideline for future research on large-scale automated additive construction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su14159782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T09:47:06Z","timestamp":1660124826000},"page":"9782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Large-Scale Automated Additive Construction: Overview, Robotic Solutions, Sustainability, and Future Prospect"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8926-2346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Khosravani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Product Development, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Str. 9-11, 57068 Siegen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Haghighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 842 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903872","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201903872","article-title":"Smart Robots: Self-Propelled 3D-Printed \u201cAircraft Carrier\u201d of Light-Powered Smart Micromachines for Large-Volume Nitroaromatic Explosives Removal","volume":"29","author":"Kong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2018.0095","article-title":"Design and Computational Modeling of a 3D Printed Pneumatic Toolkit for Soft Robotics","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soft Robot."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"118","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of Ti-45Al-4Nb-C by selective electron beam melting for automotive applications","volume":"22","author":"Juechter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2020.111916","article-title":"3D-printed sensors: Current progress and future challenges","volume":"305","author":"Khosravani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603516665445","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Bioprinting and Its Potential in the Field of Articular Cartilage Regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Mouser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Odaglia, P., Voney, V., Dillenburger, B., and Habert, G. (2020). Advances in Binder-Jet 3D Printing of Non-cementitious Materials. Second RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49916-7_11"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1089\/3dp.2016.0013","article-title":"Dissolvable Metal Supports for 3D Direct Metal Printing","volume":"3","author":"Hildreth","year":"2016","journal-title":"3D Print. Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen, C.J. (2019). 3D and 4D printing of nanomaterials: Processing considerations for reliable printed nanocomposites. 3D and 4D Printing of Polymer Nanocomposite Materials: Processes, Applications, and Challenges, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816805-9.00002-8"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"100988","article-title":"Polymer-derived SiOC replica of material extrusion-based 3-D printed plastics","volume":"32","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"ASTM. F2792\u201412a (2013). Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies. Available online: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/DATABASE.CART\/HISTORICAL\/F2792-12.htm."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mueller, R.P., Howe, S., Kochmann, D., Ali, H., Andersen, C., Burgoyne, H., Chambers, W., Clinton, R., De Kestellier, X., and Ebelt, K. (2016, January 11\u201316). Automated additive construction (AAC) for Earth and space using in-situ resources. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Biennial ASCE Aerospace Division International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments (Earth & Space 2016), American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, USA.","DOI":"10.1061\/9780784479971.036"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"127","article-title":"3D-printed concrete: Applications, performance, and challenges","volume":"9","author":"Siddika","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Cem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2014.02.004","article-title":"Cement and concrete as an engineering material: An historic appraisal and case study analysis","volume":"40","author":"Gagg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eng. Fail. Anal."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2012.11.007","article-title":"Offshore concrete structures","volume":"58","author":"Pardo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ocean Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.015","article-title":"Cementitious materials for construction-scale 3D printing: Laboratory testing of fresh printing mixture","volume":"145","author":"Kazemian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.180","article-title":"Effects of an internal sulfate attack and an alkali-aggregate reaction in a concrete dam","volume":"166","author":"Campos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.119844","article-title":"Review of ultra-high performance concrete and its application in bridge engineering","volume":"260","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.energy.29.062403.102215","article-title":"Construction materials and the environment","volume":"29","author":"Horvath","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.05.005","article-title":"Additive manufacturing technology and its implementation in construction as an eco-innovative solution","volume":"93","author":"Ghaffar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"100894","article-title":"Additive manufacturing in construction: A review on processes, applications, and digital planning methods","volume":"30","author":"Paolini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.03.011","article-title":"Additive manufacturing as an enabling technology for digital construction: A perspective on Construction 4.0","volume":"103","author":"Craveiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.140","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of cementitious composites: Materials, methods, potentials, and challenges","volume":"218","author":"Hamidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2020.103268","article-title":"Additive manufacturing: Technology, applications, markets, and opportunities for the built environment","volume":"118","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s43452-020-00038-w","article-title":"A critical review of 3D printing in construction: Benefits, challenges, and risks","volume":"20","author":"Romdhane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2020.101584","article-title":"Robotic technologies for on-site building construction: A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Gharbia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2020.101286","article-title":"Energy efficient 3D printed buildings: Material and techniques selection worldwide study","volume":"30","author":"Alkhalidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012012","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/290\/1\/012012","article-title":"3-D Printing in Building Construction: A Literature Review of Opportunities and Challenges of Reducing Life Cycle Energy and Carbon of Buildings","volume":"290","author":"Dixit","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"091010","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4044106","article-title":"Additive Manufacturing Processes for Infrastructure Construction: A Review","volume":"141","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11837-018-2809-0","article-title":"Precursor Additive Manufacturing Inventions","volume":"70","author":"Roberts","year":"2018","journal-title":"JOM"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-5805(96)00166-5","article-title":"Exploratory investigation of solid freeform construction","volume":"5","author":"Pegna","year":"1997","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.103956","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of clay and ceramic building components","volume":"133","author":"Wolf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"58","article-title":"3D printing for construction based on a complex wall of polymer-foam and concrete","volume":"28","author":"Furet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.103861","article-title":"Foam 3D printing for construction: A review of applications, materials, and processes","volume":"130","author":"Bedarf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, R.Y.M. (2018). An Economic Analysis on Automated Construction Safety, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5771-7"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammad, M., Masad, E., and Al-Ghamdi, S.G. (2020). 3D Concrete Printing Sustainability: A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Four Construction Method Scenarios. Buildings, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings10120245"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/10667857.1998.11752766","article-title":"Innovative Rapid Prototyping Process Makes Large Sized, Smooth Surfaced Complex Shapes in a Wide Variety of Materials","volume":"13","author":"Khoshnevis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mater. Technol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2011.06.010","article-title":"Developments in construction-scale additive manufacturing processes","volume":"21","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.102933","article-title":"Large-scale digital concrete construction\u2014CONPrint3D concept for on-site, monolithic 3D-printing","volume":"107","author":"Mechtcherine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Colla, V., Dini, E., Canessa, E., Fonda, C., and Zennaro, M. (2013). Large scale 3D printing: From deep sea to the moon. Low-Cost 3D Printing for Science, Education and Sustainable Development, ICTP."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rael, R., and San Fratello, V. (2011). Developing concrete polymer building components for 3D printing. Integration through Computation: Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture, ACADIA, Association for CAD in Architecture.","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.acadia.2011.152"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2003.08.012","article-title":"Automated construction by contour crafting\u2014Related robotics and information technologies","volume":"13","author":"Khoshnevis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"26","article-title":"Fabrication construction components using layer manufacturing technology","volume":"3","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Constr. Res. Innov."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Lim, S., Le, T., Webster, J., Buswell, R., Austin, A., Gibb, A., and Thorpe, T. (2018). Fabricating construction components using layer manufacturing technology. Global Innovation in Construction Conference 2009, Loughborough University, Civil and Building Engineering."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"36","article-title":"CONPrint3D\u20143D printing technology for onsite construction","volume":"42","author":"Nerella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Concr. Aust."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, M., Nematollahi, B., and Sanjayan, J.G. (2019). Development of Powder-Based 3D Concrete Printing Using Geopolymers. 3D Concrete Printing Technology, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815481-6.00011-7"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Rael, R., and Fratello, V.S. (2021, May 14). Bloom. Emerging Objects. Available online: https:\/\/emergingobjects.com\/project\/bloom-2\/."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nematollahi, B., Xia, M., and Sanjayan, M.X.A.J. (July, January 28). Current Progress of 3D Concrete Printing Technologies. Proceedings of the 34th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2017), Taipei, Taiwan.","DOI":"10.22260\/ISARC2017\/0035"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.05.018","article-title":"Particle-bed 3D printing in concrete construction\u2014Possibilities and challenges","volume":"112","author":"Lowke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2013.07.034","article-title":"Building components for an outpost on the Lunar soil by means of a novel 3D printing technology","volume":"93","author":"Cesaretti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2019.04.007","article-title":"Effect of printing parameters in 3D concrete printing: Printing region and support structures","volume":"271","author":"Tay","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Process. Technol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2020.108018","article-title":"Modelling and parameter optimization for filament deformation in 3D cementitious material printing using support vector machine","volume":"193","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/17452759.2017.1326724","article-title":"3D printing trends in building and construction industry: A review","volume":"12","author":"Tay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virtual Phys. Prototyp."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acme.2017.02.008","article-title":"Fresh and hardened properties of 3D printable cementitious materials for building and construction","volume":"18","author":"Paul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.144","article-title":"A systematical review of 3D printable cementitious materials","volume":"207","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2018.11.131","article-title":"Rheological behavior of high volume fly ash mixtures containing micro silica for digital construction application","volume":"237","author":"Panda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2017.02.001","article-title":"Properties of 3D-printed fiber-reinforced Portland cement paste","volume":"79","author":"Hambach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.008","article-title":"Mechanical anisotropy of aligned fiber reinforced composite for extrusion-based 3D printing","volume":"202","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nematollahi, B., Vijay, P., Sanjayan, J., Nazari, A., Xia, M., Nerella, V.N., and Mechtcherine, V. (2018). Effect of Polypropylene Fibre Addition on Properties of Geopolymers Made by 3D Printing for Digital Construction. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11122352"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198120902704","article-title":"Early-Age Performance of 3D Printed Carbon Nanofiber and Carbon Microfiber Cement Composites","volume":"2674","author":"Kosson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.104060","article-title":"Performance of concrete beam reinforced with 3D printed Bioinspired primitive scaffold subjected to three-point bending","volume":"134","author":"Choudhry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"102569","article-title":"Numerical modelling strategies for reinforced 3D concrete printed elements","volume":"50","author":"Heever","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Z., Memari, A.M., and Duarte, J.P. (2022). State of the Art Review of Reinforcement Strategies and Technologies for 3D Printing of Concrete. Energies, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/en15010360"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.05.020","article-title":"Rethinking reinforcement for digital fabrication with concrete","volume":"112","author":"Asprone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bos, F.P., Ahmed, Z.Y., Jutinov, E.R., and Salet, T.A.M. (2017). Experimental Exploration of Metal Cable as Reinforcement in 3D Printed Concrete. Materials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10111314"},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Winsun (2021, September 14). Demonstrating the Viability of 3D Printing at Construction Scale. World Economic Forum. Available online: https:\/\/futureofconstruction.org\/case\/winsun\/."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"301","article-title":"Mega-scale fabrication by Contour Crafting","volume":"1","author":"Khoshnevis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Syst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.020","article-title":"Effect of viscosity modifier admixture on Portland cement paste hydration and microstructure","volume":"212","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.174","article-title":"Nanosilica particles as structural buildup agents for 3D printing with Portland cement pastes","volume":"219","author":"Reales","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazemian, A., Yuan, X., Meier, R., and Khoshnevis, B. (2019). Performance-Based Testing of Portland Cement Concrete for Construction-Scale 3D Printing. 3D Concrete Printing Technology, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815481-6.00002-6"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.109","article-title":"Use of calcium sulfoaluminate cements for setting control of 3D-printing mortars","volume":"157","author":"Khalil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.037","article-title":"Modified 3D printed powder to cement-based material and mechanical properties of cement scaffold used in 3D printing","volume":"138","author":"Shakor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Figueiredo, S.C., Yal\u00e7inkaya, \u00c7., \u00c7opuro\u011flu, O., Veer, F., and Schlangen, E. (2019). The Effect of Viscosity-Modifying Admixture on the Extrudability of Limestone and Calcined Clay-Based Cementitious Material for Extrusion-Based 3D Concrete Printing. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12091374"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.118590","article-title":"Influence of multi-walled nanotubes on the fresh and hardened properties of a 3D printing PVA mortar ink","volume":"247","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2020.103571","article-title":"Interlayer bonding improvement of 3D printed concrete with polymer modified mortar: Experiments and molecular dynamics studies","volume":"110","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2020.103724","article-title":"Hardened properties of layered 3D printed concrete with recycled sand","volume":"113","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104144","article-title":"Technologies for improving buildability in 3D concrete printing","volume":"122","author":"Muthukrishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2017.06.013","article-title":"Interlayer adhesion and strength of structures in Contour Crafting\u2014Effects of aggregate size, extrusion rate, and layer thickness","volume":"81","author":"Zareiyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.232","article-title":"Effect of surface moisture on inter-layer strength of 3D printed concrete","volume":"172","author":"Sanjayan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1080\/17452759.2018.1500420","article-title":"Time gap effect on bond strength of 3D-printed concrete","volume":"14","author":"Tay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virtual Phys. Prototyp."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2017.08.051","article-title":"Measurement of tensile bond strength of 3D printed geopolymer mortar","volume":"113","author":"Panda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Meas. Confed."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.18178\/ijmerr.9.3.421-428","article-title":"Advances in Multi-robotic Welding Techniques: A Review","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mech. Eng. Robot. Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/tse\/tdaa007","article-title":"An integrated review of automation and robotic technologies for structural prefabrication and construction","volume":"2","author":"Chea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transp. Saf. Environ."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s13243-020-00091-x","article-title":"Vision guided robotic inspection for parts in manufacturing and remanufacturing industry","volume":"11","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Remanuf."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-018-03247-z","article-title":"Collaborative and traditional robotic assembly: A comparison model","volume":"102","author":"Faccio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2020.101769","article-title":"Vision-based robotic system for on-site construction and demolition waste sorting and recycling","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2017.12.003","article-title":"Automated material handling in composite manufacturing using pick-and-place systems\u2014A review","volume":"51","author":"Jonsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Robot. Comput. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatt, P.M., Kabir, A.M., Malhan, K.R., Shah, B., Shembekar, A.V., Yoon, Y.J., and Gupta, S.K. (2019, January 20\u201324). A Robotic Cell for Mul-ti-Resolution Additive Manufacturing. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Montreal, QC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2019.8793730"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s43154-020-00006-5","article-title":"Trends in Smart Manufacturing: Role of Humans and Industrial Robots in Smart Factories","volume":"1","author":"Evjemo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Robot. Rep."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2016.08.026","article-title":"Additive construction: State-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities","volume":"72","author":"Labonnote","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2018.05.008","article-title":"A novel 6-axis hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing process: Design and case studies","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Process."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandak, L.P., Junghare, A., Naik, T., Ukani, N., and Chakole, S. (2020). Mobile Gantry Robot for Pick & Place Application. 2020 IEEE International Students\u2019 Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS), IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/SCEECS48394.2020.171"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/100.956812","article-title":"Crafting large prototypes","volume":"8","author":"Khoshnevis","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2019.02.040","article-title":"Mechanical properties and deformation behaviour of early age concrete in the context of digital construction","volume":"165","author":"Panda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freire, T., Brun, F., Mateus, A., and Gaspar, F. (2021). 3D Printing Technology in the Construction Industry. Advances in Science, Technology and Innovation, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-35533-3_19"},{"key":"ref_95","unstructured":"COBOD (2021, September 27). Modular 3D Construction Printer. Available online: https:\/\/cobod.com\/."},{"key":"ref_96","unstructured":"Apis-Cor.com (2021, September 27). Apis-Cor 3D Concrete Printing. Available online: https:\/\/www.apis-cor.com\/."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.01.006","article-title":"Perspectives on a BIM-integrated software platform for robotic construction through Contour Crafting","volume":"89","author":"Davtalab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toklu, Y.C., Bekda\u015f, G., and Geem, Z.W. (2020). Harmony Search Optimization of Nozzle Movement for Additive Manufacturing of Concrete Structures and Concrete Elements. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10124413"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2012.08.006","article-title":"Optimal machine operation planning for construction by Contour Crafting","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.01.022","article-title":"Computer vision for real-time extrusion quality monitoring and control in robotic construction","volume":"101","author":"Kazemian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaudilli\u00e8re, N., Duballet, R., Bouyssou, C., Mallet, A., Roux, P., Zakeri, M., and Dirrenberger, J. (2019). Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete of Integrated Formwork for Truss-Shaped Pillars. Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design 2018, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92294-2_35"},{"key":"ref_102","unstructured":"EnvisionTEC (2021, September 27). Viridis3D. Available online: https:\/\/envisiontec.com\/de\/3d-printers\/."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2016.03.097","article-title":"Large-scale 3D printing of ultra-high performance concrete\u2014A new processing route for architects and builders","volume":"100","author":"Gosselin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwon, H., Eichenhofer, M., Kyttas, T., and Dillenburger, B. (2019). Digital Composites: Robotic 3D Printing of Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics for Functionally-Graded Building Components. Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design 2018, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92294-2_28"},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"101335","article-title":"3D printing of clay for decorative architectural applications: Effect of solids volume fraction on rheology and printability","volume":"35","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2007.02.011","article-title":"Cable-suspended robotic contour crafting system","volume":"17","author":"Bosscher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"27","article-title":"Large-scale 3D printing with a cable-suspended robot","volume":"7","author":"Barnett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahmiri, F., and Gentry, R. (2016, January 9\u201311). A Survey of Cable-Suspended Parallel Robots and their Applications in Architecture and Construction. Proceedings of the Congress of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics, Buenos Aires, Argentina.","DOI":"10.5151\/despro-sigradi2016-484"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2004.01.001","article-title":"Self-contained automated construction deposition system","volume":"13","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s41693-017-0008-0","article-title":"Large-scale 3D printing with cable-driven parallel robots","volume":"1","author":"Izard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Constr. Robot."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, J. (2020). Workspace and Stiffness Analysis of 3D Printing Cable-Driven Parallel Robot with a Retractable Beam-Type End-Effector. Robotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics9030065"},{"key":"ref_112","unstructured":"WASP (2021, September 28). BigDelta WASP 12m. Available online: https:\/\/www.3dwasp.com\/stampante-3d-gigante-bigdelta-wasp-12mt\/."},{"key":"ref_113","unstructured":"Chesser, P., Post, B., Lind, R., Roschli, A., Atkins, C., Boulger, A., Mhatre, P., and Lloyd, P. (2019, January 12\u201314). Skybaam large-scale fieldable deposition platform system architecture. Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium\u2014An Additive Manufacturing Conference, Austin, TX, USA."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021010","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4052010","article-title":"Kinematics of a Cable-Driven Robotic Platform for Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing","volume":"14","author":"Chesser","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mech. Robot."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012007","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/789\/1\/012007","article-title":"Coordination of construction manipulation robotic system using UAV","volume":"789","author":"Bulgakov","year":"2020","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahmoradi, J., Talebi, E., Roghanchi, P., and Hassanalian, M. (2020). A Comprehensive Review of Applications of Drone Technology in the Mining Industry. Drones, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/drones4030034"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lombard, N.F., Byland, W.W., Henry, G.J., Liga, M.V., and Price, V.N. (2020, January 9\u201312). Seeing from above, What\u2019s below: How Drones Can Be Used in Pipeline Design and Construction. in Pipelines 2020: Utility Engineering, Surveying, and Multidisciplinary Topics. Proceedings of the Sessions of the Pipelines 2020 Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, USA.","DOI":"10.1061\/9780784483213.044"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2018.2852789","article-title":"The AEROARMS Project: Aerial Robots with Advanced Manipulation Capabilities for Inspection and Maintenance","volume":"25","author":"Ollero","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirjan, A., Augugliaro, F., D\u2019Andrea, R., Gramazio, F., and Kohler, M. (2016). Building a Bridge with Flying Robots. Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design 2016, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-26378-6_3"},{"key":"ref_120","unstructured":"Hunt, G., Mitzalis, F., Alhinai, T., Hooper, P.A., and Kovac, M. (June, January 31). 3D printing with flying robots. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Hong Kong, China."},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"3","article-title":"Aerial additive building manufacturing: Three-dimensional printing of polymer structures using drones","volume":"173","author":"Dams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2020.101950","article-title":"Koala 3D: A continuous climbing 3D printer","volume":"64","author":"Toala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Robot. Comput. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howe, A.S., Wilcox, B., McQuin, C., Mittman, D., Townsend, J., Polit-Casillas, R., and Litwin, T. (2014, January 27\u201329). Modular Additive Construction Using Native Materials. in Earth and Space 2014: Engineering for Extreme Environments. Proceedings of the 14th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments, Reston, VA, USA.","DOI":"10.1061\/9780784479179.034"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8986","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aam8986","article-title":"Toward site-specific and self-sufficient robotic fabrication on architectural scales","volume":"2","author":"Keating","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiryaki, M.E., Zhang, X., and Pham, Q.-C. (2019, January 4\u20138). Printing-while-moving: A new paradigm for large-scale robotic 3D Printing. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Macau, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS40897.2019.8967524"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.08.004","article-title":"Large-scale 3D printing by a team of mobile robots","volume":"95","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sutjipto, S., Tish, D., Paul, G., Vidal-Calleja, T., and Schork, T. (2019). Towards Visual Feedback Loops for Robot-Controlled Additive Manufacturing. Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design 2019, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92294-2_7"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s41693-019-00020-w","article-title":"Mobile robotic fabrication beyond factory conditions: Case study Mesh Mould wall of the DFAB HOUSE","volume":"3","author":"Hack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Robot."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2020.02.280","article-title":"Multi-axis 3D printing of material reduced shell structures on a reconfigurable supporting system using topology optimization principles","volume":"44","author":"Kontovourkis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/00038628.2019.1620170","article-title":"Robotic additive manufacturing (RAM) with clay using topology optimization principles for toolpath planning: The example of a building element","volume":"63","author":"Kontovourkis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.103005","article-title":"Robotic 3D clay printing of prefabricated non-conventional wall components based on a parametric-integrated design","volume":"110","author":"Kontovourkis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dritsas, S., Vijay, Y., Dimopoulou, M., Sanadiya, N., and Fernandez, J.G. (2019). An Additive and Subtractive Process for Manufacturing with Natural Composites. Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design 2018, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92294-2_14"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1109\/TRA.2002.806024","article-title":"Advances in multirobot systems","volume":"18","author":"Arai","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom."},{"key":"ref_134","first-page":"177","article-title":"Construction of Cubic Structures with Quadrotor Teams","volume":"7","author":"Lindsey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Robot. Sci. Syst."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2014.2320359","article-title":"The flight assembled architecture installation: Cooperative construction with flying machines","volume":"34","author":"Augugliaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Control. Syst. Mag."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364915586606","article-title":"Multi-scale assembly with robot teams","volume":"34","author":"Dogar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Robot. Res."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kayser, M., Cai, L., Bader, C., Falcone, S., Inglessis, N., Darweesh, B., Costa, J., and Oxman, N. (2019). FIBERBOTS: Design and Digital Fabrication of Tubular Structures Using Robot Swarms. Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design 2018, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92294-2_22"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s41693-020-00036-7","article-title":"Spatial winding: Cooperative heterogeneous multi-robot system for fibrous structures","volume":"4","author":"Estrada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr. Robot."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s41693-020-00031-y","article-title":"Physically distributed multi-robot coordination and collaboration in construction","volume":"4","author":"Vasey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr. Robot."},{"key":"ref_140","first-page":"100906","article-title":"Research on large-scale additive manufacturing based on multi-robot collaboration technology","volume":"30","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sustarevas, J., Tan, K.X.B., Gerber, D., Stuart-Smith, R., and Pawar, V.M. (2019, January 4\u20138). YouWasps: Towards Autonomous Multi-Robot Mobile Deposition for Construction. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Macau, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS40897.2019.8967766"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"061011","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4047261","article-title":"A Generative Approach for Scheduling Multi-Robot Cooperative Three-Dimensional Printing","volume":"20","author":"Poudel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"072002","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4050380","article-title":"Resource-Constrained Scheduling for Multi-Robot Cooperative Three-Dimensional Printing","volume":"143","author":"Poudel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mech. Des."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.103899","article-title":"Ground-based automated construction of droxel structures: An experimental approach","volume":"131","author":"Fascetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2006.05.002","article-title":"Freeform Construction: Mega-scale Rapid Manufacturing for construction","volume":"16","author":"Buswell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2008.03.001","article-title":"Design, data and process issues for mega-scale rapid manufacturing machines used for construction","volume":"17","author":"Buswell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hwang, D., and Khoshnevis, B. (2005, January 11\u201314). An Innovative Construction Process-Contour Crafting (CC). Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC), Ferrara, Italy.","DOI":"10.22260\/ISARC2005\/0004"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardiner, J., Janssen, S., and Kirchner, S.J.A.N. (2016, January 18\u201321). A Realization of a Construction Scale Robotic System for 3D Printing of Complex Formwork. Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC), Auburn, AL, USA.","DOI":"10.22260\/ISARC2016\/0062"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1089\/3dp.2020.0358","article-title":"Additive Fabrication of Large-Scale Customizable Formwork Using Robotic Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Winding","volume":"9","author":"Ou","year":"2021","journal-title":"3D Print. Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1089\/3dp.2021.0024","article-title":"3D Printed Formwork for Concrete: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, Challenges, and Applications","volume":"9","author":"Jipa","year":"2022","journal-title":"3D Print. Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_151","first-page":"216","article-title":"Modelling curved-layered printing paths for fabricating large-scale construction components","volume":"12","author":"Lim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-017-1345-3","article-title":"A review of digital manufacturing-based hybrid additive manufacturing processes","volume":"95","author":"Chong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phpro.2016.08.057","article-title":"Hybrid Additive Manufacturing Technologies\u2014An Analysis Regarding Potentials and Applications","volume":"83","author":"Merklein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Procedia"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"060801","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4038644","article-title":"Hybrid Processes in Additive Manufacturing","volume":"140","author":"Sealy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2020.100689","article-title":"On the environmental impacts of 3D printing technology","volume":"20","author":"Khosravani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Mater. Today"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2016.07.357","article-title":"3D Printing of Buildings and Building Components as the Future of Sustainable Construction?","volume":"151","author":"Hager","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.04.002","article-title":"Potential benefits of digital fabrication for complex structures: Environmental assessment of a robotically fabricated concrete wall","volume":"154","author":"Hack","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_158","unstructured":"(2006). Environmental Management\u2014Life Cycle Assessement\u2014Requirements and Guidelines, ISO 14044 (Standard No. ISO 14044:2006)."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-020-06487-0","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of integrated additive\u2013subtractive concrete 3D printing","volume":"112","author":"Uhart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.104087","article-title":"3D concrete printing for sustainable and economical construction: A comparative study","volume":"134","author":"Batikha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuzmenko, K., Gaudilli\u00e8re, N., Feraille, A., Dirrenberger, J., and Baverel, O. (2020). Assessing the Environmental Viability of 3D Concrete Printing Technology. Impact: Design with All Senses, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29829-6_40"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121245","article-title":"Comparative economic, environmental and productivity assessment of a concrete bathroom unit fabricated through 3D printing and a precast approach","volume":"261","author":"Weng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.122647","article-title":"Printability and particle packing of 3D-printable limestone calcined clay cement composites","volume":"282","author":"Long","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2020.07.003","article-title":"Concrete hybrid manufacturing: A machine architecture","volume":"97","author":"Chantin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haghighi, A., Mohammed, A., and Wang, L. (2021, January 21\u201325). Energy Efficient Multi-Robotic 3D Printing for Large-Scale Construction\u2014Framework, Challenges, and a Systematic Approach. Proceedings of the International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conferencem, Online.","DOI":"10.1115\/MSEC2021-63787"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122463","article-title":"Environmental assessment of large-scale 3D printing in construction: A comparative study between cob and concrete","volume":"270","author":"Alhumayani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.053","article-title":"Feasibility study on sustainable magnesium potassium phosphate cement paste for 3D printing","volume":"221","author":"Weng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106070","article-title":"3-D printing of concrete: Beyond horizons","volume":"133","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.017","article-title":"3D Printing of Earth-Based Materials: Processing Aspects","volume":"Volume 172","author":"Perrot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.120795","article-title":"Dynamic behavior and economic analysis of sustainable building integrating cob and phase change materials","volume":"262","author":"Gounni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_171","first-page":"123558","article-title":"The past and future of sustainable concrete: A critical review and new strategies on cement-based materials","volume":"281","author":"Kurda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.08.165","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of geopolymer for sustainable built environment","volume":"167","author":"Panda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2017.07.123","article-title":"Anisotropic mechanical performance of 3D printed fiber reinforced sustainable construction material","volume":"209","author":"Panda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/jiec.12930","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of 3D printing geo-polymer concrete: An ex-ante study","volume":"24","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ind. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.118054","article-title":"Rheology and buildability of sustainable cement-based composites containing micro-crystalline cellulose for 3D-printing","volume":"239","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104156","article-title":"Sustainable materials for 3D concrete printing","volume":"122","author":"Bhattacherjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130749","article-title":"Use of industrial waste materials for 3D printing of sustainable concrete: A review","volume":"340","author":"Dey","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1007\/s10163-019-00857-x","article-title":"Utilization of recycled glass for 3D concrete printing: Rheological and mechanical properties","volume":"21","author":"Ting","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2020.101779","article-title":"3D recycled mortar printing: System development, process design, material properties and on-site printing","volume":"32","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2020.112764","article-title":"Utilization of waste materials in a novel mortar\u2013polymer laminar composite to be applied in construction 3D-printing","volume":"253","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2020.06.018","article-title":"Use of municipal solid waste incineration ash in 3D printable concrete","volume":"142","author":"Rehman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104037","article-title":"3D printing eco-friendly concrete containing under-utilised and waste solids as aggregates","volume":"120","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120671","article-title":"Study of MgO-activated slag as a cementless material for sustainable spray-based 3D printing","volume":"258","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123884","article-title":"Environmental and economic assessment on 3D printed buildings with recycled concrete","volume":"278","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104281","article-title":"Digital fabrication of eco-friendly ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete","volume":"125","author":"Arunothayan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.125561","article-title":"3D-printed concrete with recycled glass: Effect of glass gradation on flexural strength and microstructure","volume":"314","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.126372","article-title":"Recycling of aggregate micro fines as a partial replacement for fly ash in 3D printing cementitious materials","volume":"321","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_188","unstructured":"United Nations Environment Programme (2021, July 20). Sustainable Buildings. Available online: https:\/\/www.unep.org\/explore-topics\/resource-efficiency\/what-we-do\/cities\/sustainable-buildings."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.06.001","article-title":"Vision of 3D printing with concrete\u2014Technical, economic and environmental potentials","volume":"112","author":"Lesage","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaszy\u0144ska, M., Skibicki, S., and Hoffmann, M. (2020). 3D Concrete Printing for Sustainable Construction. Energies, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/en13236351"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015001","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4034980","article-title":"Additive Manufacturing Integrated Energy\u2014Enabling Innovative Solutions for Buildings of the Future","volume":"139","author":"Biswas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sol. Energy Eng."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-018-1563-4","article-title":"Environmental assessment of multi-functional building elements constructed with digital fabrication techniques","volume":"24","author":"Jipa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Life Cycle Assess."},{"key":"ref_193","unstructured":"Jipa, A., Bernhard, M., Dillenburger, B., Meibodi, M., and Aghaei-Meibodi, M. (2016, January 3\u20134). 3D-Printed Stay-in-Place Formwork for Topologically Optimized Concrete Slabs. Proceedings of the 2016 TxA Emerging Design + Technology, San Antonio, TX, USA."},{"key":"ref_194","first-page":"13","article-title":"Cradle to Gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of 3D Printing Houses","volume":"9","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Earth Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2020.101735","article-title":"A simulation-based investigation of sustainability aspects of 3D printed structures","volume":"32","author":"Mahadevan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2018.06.031","article-title":"Thermally insulating lightweight cement-based composites incorporating glass beads and nano-silica aerogels for sustainably energy-saving buildings","volume":"174","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2019.05.048","article-title":"Novel proposal to overcome insulation limitations due to nonlinear structures using 3D printing: Hybrid heat-storage system","volume":"197","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2020.110110","article-title":"Energy-saving potential of 3D printed concrete building with integrated living wall","volume":"222","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Build."}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/14\/15\/9782\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:05:50Z","timestamp":1760141150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/14\/15\/9782"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"references-count":198,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["su14159782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su14159782","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]}}}