{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T16:03:52Z","timestamp":1775837032179,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biochar is a carbon-based substance made by the pyrolysis of organic waste. The amount of biochar produced is determined by the type of feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. Biochar is frequently added to the soil for various reasons, including carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas mitigation, improved crop production by boosting soil fertility, removing harmful contaminants, and drought mitigation. Biochar may also be used for waste management and wastewater treatment. Biochar\u2019s various advantages make it a potentially appealing instrument material for current science and technology. Although biochar\u2019s impacts on soil chemical qualities and fertility have been extensively researched, little is known about its impact on enhancing soil physical qualities. This review is intended to describe biochar\u2019s influence on some crucial soil physical and hydrological properties, including bulk density of soil, water holding capacity, soil porosity, soil hydraulic conductivity, soil water retention, water repellence\u2013available plant water, water infiltration, soil temperature, soil color, and surface albedo. Therefore, we propose that the application of biochar in soils has considerable advantages, and this is especially true for arable soils with low fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su141711104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T07:05:56Z","timestamp":1662620756000},"page":"11104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Application of Biochar for Improving Physical, Chemical, and Hydrological Soil Properties: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0238-4509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shakeel","family":"Ahmad Bhat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sher E Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7464-8377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alban","family":"Kuriqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Civil Engineering Department, University for Business and Technology, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo"}]},{"given":"Mehraj U. Din","family":"Dar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, India"},{"name":"Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India"}]},{"given":"Owais","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sher E Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1708-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad Sh.","family":"Sammen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Diyala University, Baqubah 32001, Iraq"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5779-1382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abu Reza Md.","family":"Towfiqul Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5506-9502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elbeltagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1166-9872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Owais","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sher E Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6790-2653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadhir","family":"AI-Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Rawshan","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Petroleum, Koya Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil 44001, Iraq"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8055-8463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salim","family":"Heddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy Department, Faculty of Science, Hydraulics Division University, 20 Ao\u00fbt 1955, Route El Hadaik, BP 26, Skikda 21024, Algeria"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501020","DOI":"10.1002\/clen.201501020","article-title":"Conversion of biomass waste into Biochar and the effect on mung bean crop production","volume":"45","author":"Saxena","year":"2017","journal-title":"CLEAN Soil Air Water"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s40093-016-0116-8","article-title":"Production, characterization and evaluation of Biochar from pod (Pisum sativum), leaf (Brassica oleracea) and peel (Citrus sinensis) wastes","volume":"5","author":"Sugumaran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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