{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T06:44:28Z","timestamp":1776321868400,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05757\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05757\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UTFPR","award":["UIDB\/05757\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05757\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the evolution of Industry 4.0, some problems related to inefficient digitalization become clearer in organizations. To minimize these problems, implementation of the lean philosophy is needed in the digital environment. However, before Lean can start to solve the digitalization problems, there is a need to digitalize its tools so that they can comprehend the Industry 4.0 dynamics and become more effective. The aim of this study is to contribute to the theoretical development of Lean tools in the context of Industry 4.0, promoting directions for the industrial sector from the evolution, difficulties, benefits, implementation and trends of Lean 4.0 tools. To achieve this objective, this study performs a systematic literature review and content analysis of 53 papers from 35 journals. The main results of the research show: (i) the characterization of the Lean 4.0 tools; (ii) the evolution of the Lean tools after the integration with digital technologies; (iii) the main trends of Lean 4.0; (iv) the proposal of a Lean 4.0 theoretical framework. From these results, this paper seeks to promote insights for studies in the area of Lean 4.0, as well as for companies to implement and use the Lean 4.0 tools for better improvement in their digital processes and avoid the digital waste.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su141912295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T01:23:16Z","timestamp":1664414596000},"page":"12295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Lean Tools in the Context of Industry 4.0: Literature Review, Implementation and Trends"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0544-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur Henrique Gomes","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EORE Research Group, Federal University of Technology-Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), R. Doutor Washington Subtil Chueire 330, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, PR, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Giovanna Bueno","family":"Marcondes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EORE Research Group, Federal University of Technology-Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), R. Doutor Washington Subtil Chueire 330, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, PR, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Joseane","family":"Pontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EORE Research Group, Federal University of Technology-Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), R. Doutor Washington Subtil Chueire 330, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, PR, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2151-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics (CeDRI), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Tavares","family":"Treinta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EORE Research Group, Federal University of Technology-Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), R. Doutor Washington Subtil Chueire 330, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, PR, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4151-0843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Mauricio Martins","family":"De Resende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EORE Research Group, Federal University of Technology-Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), R. Doutor Washington Subtil Chueire 330, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, PR, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5579-9997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaine","family":"Mosconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Createch Research Center on Intelligent Organizations, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, 2500, Boulevard de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7267-4464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Tadashi","family":"Yoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EORE Research Group, Federal University of Technology-Paran\u00e1 (UTFPR), R. Doutor Washington Subtil Chueire 330, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, PR, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2017.1308576","article-title":"Past, present and future of Industry 4.0\u2014A systematic review of the literature and proposed research agenda","volume":"55","author":"Liao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2017.04.002","article-title":"Industry 4.0 and the current status as well as future prospects on logistics","volume":"89","author":"Hofmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"94","article-title":"The synergic relationship between industry 4.0 and lean management: Best practices from the literature","volume":"12","author":"Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Manag. Prod. Eng. 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