{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T20:12:32Z","timestamp":1778011952316,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IMP\/2018\/000224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMP\/2018\/000224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Institute of Eminence Research Initiative Project on Technologies for Low-Carbon Lean-Construction (TLC2)","award":["IMP\/2018\/000224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMP\/2018\/000224"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) India","award":["IMP\/2018\/000224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMP\/2018\/000224"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Concrete 3D printing has the potential to reduce material and process waste in construction. Thus, it contributes to making the construction industry more sustainable through the use of digital-fabrication technologies. While concrete 3D printing is attractive due to its potential to realize complex designs, practical challenges include an increased chance of defects and deformities. Quality assessment of 3D-printed elements is essential for large-scale implementation. Workability of concrete is known to decrease with printing time and it impacts extrudability. It is usually visible in 3D-printed elements, with the lower layers having a smooth finish, while the top layers have cracks and discontinuities. A computer-vision-based quality assessment method is proposed in this paper using a two-bin Linear Binary Pattern textural analysis. Information entropy is used as the metric for measuring the texture variation within each layer and its changes over the layers are studied. A higher entropy value is found for layers having deformities. Finally, through the error-minimization technique, a threshold entropy value is calculated and, using this, the printed layers can be assessed and corrective actions taken. This paper contributes to developing a non-intrusive quality assessment technique for concrete 3D-printed elements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su142315682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T04:58:50Z","timestamp":1669784330000},"page":"15682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Using Computer Vision for Monitoring the Quality of 3D-Printed Concrete Structures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5725-0698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanmugaraj","family":"Senthilnathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India"}]},{"given":"Benny","family":"Raphael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2019.105533","article-title":"A review of the current progress and application of 3D printed concrete","volume":"125","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compos. 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