{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T19:52:11Z","timestamp":1767383531789,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese national funds","award":["UIDB\/00685\/2020","018\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00685\/2020","018\/RID\/2018\/19"]}]},{"name":"Minister of Science and Higher Education titled \u201cRegional Initiative of Excellence\u201d","award":["UIDB\/00685\/2020","018\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00685\/2020","018\/RID\/2018\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increased consumption of fossil fuels worldwide has resulted in unprecedented historic environmental degradation and global warming. According to the United Nations, this is both the defining crisis of our time and a race the world could win given the right policy attention. Researchers seek to find critical pathways to provide policy recommendations for reducing environmental degradation. This paper aims to investigate the effect of energy productivity on environmental degradation in Germany while controlling for economic growth, primary energy consumption, and globalization for the period between 1990Q1 and 2019Q4. The outcomes of the Fourier ARDL long-run estimates indicate that (i) both energy productivity and globalization have a negative effect on carbon emissions in Germany, and (ii) both economic growth and primary energy consumption have positive effects on carbon dioxide emissions. These outcomes provide significant policy insights to EU members with respect to reducing their reliance on Russian energy imports amidst the rising energy bills and ongoing geopolitical war with Ukraine while increasing investments to realize their energy turnaround policy objectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su142416911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T05:25:46Z","timestamp":1671427546000},"page":"16911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Energy Productivity and Environmental Degradation in Germany: Evidence from Novel Fourier Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3165-546X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwaku","family":"Addai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, European University of Lefke, Lefke 99770, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Rahmi Deniz","family":"Ozbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Faculty of Business, \u0130stanbul Commerce University, Istanbul 34445, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1882-4801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Alexandre","family":"Castanho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences, WSB University, 41-300 D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza, Poland"},{"name":"College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3138-1622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sema Yilmaz","family":"Genc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administration Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5560-5101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gualter","family":"Couto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business and Economics and CEEAplA, University of Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5733-5045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dervis","family":"Kirikkaleli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, European University of Lefke, Mersin 10, Lefke 99010, Turkey"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3808","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-15860-9","article-title":"Revisiting the energy-economy-environment relationships for attaining environmental sustainability: Evidence from Belt and Road Initiative countries","volume":"29","author":"Shakib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. 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