{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T18:01:48Z","timestamp":1775152908883,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study analyses whether country-level innovation performance and firm-level innovation commitment are associated to adopting the integrated reporting in Europe. The empirical analysis relies on a logistic regression model applied to 388 firm-year observations regarding firms located in Europe and data between 2016\u20132019. The results show a positive and significant association between country-level innovation performance and integrated reporting uptake. Moreover, at a firm level, the data partially support that the influence of innovation commitment on the likelihood of publishing integrated reports is higher for firms with a higher-level of sustainability performance. This research contributes to the literature by focusing simultaneously on the impact of country-level innovation performance and firm-level innovation commitment on integrated reporting acceptance in the European setting. In addition, the adopted country-level conceptual support is based on the institutional theory combined with the framework of the national innovation systems. The latter, to the best of our knowledge, has not yet been applied in this line of research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su15010657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T04:07:09Z","timestamp":1672632429000},"page":"657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Does Innovation Spur Integrated Reporting?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6980-497X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences, Penteada Campus, Madeira University, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3573-4878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Blomme, H. (2022, May 18). Core & More: Making Reporting Smarter, IFAC. Available online: https:\/\/www.ifac.org\/knowledge-gateway\/preparing-future-ready-professionals\/discussion\/core-more-making-reporting-smarter."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/08276331.2013.803676","article-title":"The use of financial statements for decision making by small firms","volume":"26","author":"Carraher","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Small Bus. Entrep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.01.106","article-title":"A lot of icing but little cake? Taking integrated reporting forward","volume":"136A","author":"Perego","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-629X.2009.00315.x","article-title":"The determinants of corporate sustainability performance","volume":"50","author":"Artiach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Account. Financ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1108\/JAAR-04-2021-0114","article-title":"Double materiality and the shift from non-financial to European sustainability reporting: Review, outlook and implications","volume":"23","author":"Sopp","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Account. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.06.013","article-title":"Determinants of corporate sustainability performance in emerging markets: The Brazilian case","volume":"57","author":"Branco","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Noti, K., Mucciarelli, F.M., Angelici, C., dalla Pozza, V., and Pillinini, M. (2022, April 25). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Its Implementation into EU Company Law. Available online: https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/thinktank\/en\/document\/IPOL_STU(2020)658541."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"White, A.L. (2022, May 22). New Wine, New Bottles: The Rise of Non-Financial Reporting. A Business Brief by Business for Social Responsibility. Available online: http:\/\/www.bsr.org\/reports\/200506_BSR_Allen-White_Essay.pdf."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2015.09.010","article-title":"A review of corporate sustainability reporting tools (SRTs)","volume":"164","author":"Siew","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Eccles, R., and Kruzs, M. (2015). The Integrated Reporting Movement: Meaning, Momentum, Motives and Materiality, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Eccles, R.G., and Krzus, M.P. (2010). One Report\u2014Integrated Reporting for a Sustainable Strategy, Financial Executive, Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"King, M., and Roberts, L. (2013). Integrate Doing Business in the 21st Century, Juta Company Ltd."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.2131","article-title":"Corporate social responsibility and access to finance","volume":"35","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Howit, R. (2022, February 18). IIRC Newsletter-Highlights from 2016: Breakthrough Year, International Integrated Reporting Council Newsletter. Available online: https:\/\/integratedreporting.org\/news\/we-have-made-history-together-thank-you\/."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"IIRC (2022, February 24). The International IR Framework, International Integrated Reporting Council. Available online: https:\/\/www.integratedreporting.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/InternationalIntegratedReportingFramework.pdf."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manes-Rossi, F., Tiron-Tudor, A., Nicol\u00f2, G., and Zanellato, G. (2018). Ensuring more sustainable reporting in Europe using non-financial disclosure-de facto and de jure evidence. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10041162"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"224","article-title":"Environmental, social and governance disclosures in Europe","volume":"6","author":"Camilleri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sustain. Account. Manag. Policy J."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"IIRC (2022, January 05). The International IR Framework, International Integrated Reporting Council. Available online: http:\/\/integratedreporting.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/13-12-08-THE-INTERNATIONAL-IR-FRAMEWORK-2-1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"IIRC (2019, March 04). The International IR Framework, International Integrated Reporting Council. Towards Integrated Reporting. Communicating Value in the 21st Century. Available online: https:\/\/integratedreporting.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/09\/IR-Discussion-Paper-2011_spreads.pdf."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-012-1543-8","article-title":"W(h)ither Ecology? The Triple Bottom Line, the Global Reporting Initiative, and Corporate Sustainability Reporting","volume":"118","author":"Milne","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bar.2016.05.002","article-title":"Exploring the implications of integrated reporting for social investment (disclosures)","volume":"48","author":"Adams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. Account. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McWilliams, A., Rupp, D.E., Siegel, D.S., Stahl, G.K., and Waldman, D.A. (2019). The Consequences of Mandatory Corporate Sustainability Reporting. The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility: Psychological and Organizational Perspectives, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780198802280.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1294","article-title":"Evaluating the Integrated Reporting journey: Insights, gaps and agendas for future research","volume":"31","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Account. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1111\/acfi.12246","article-title":"Integrated reporting: Background, measurement issues, approaches and an agenda for future research","volume":"57","author":"Venter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Account. Financ."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2012.12.006","article-title":"Is integrated reporting determined by a country\u2019s legal system? An exploratory study","volume":"44","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.1294","article-title":"The role of the board in the dissemination of integrated corporate social reporting","volume":"20","year":"2013","journal-title":"Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.1765","article-title":"Explanatory Factors of Integrated Sustainability and Financial Reporting","volume":"23","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Environ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1108\/MEDAR-12-2018-0412","article-title":"A multi-theoretical approach on drivers of integrated reporting\u2014Uniting firm-level and country-level associations","volume":"28","author":"Fuhrmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Meditari Account. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"828","article-title":"The cultural system and integrated reporting","volume":"23","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.1655","article-title":"Integrated reporting: The mediating role of the board of directors and investor protection on managerial discretion in munificent environments","volume":"26","year":"2019","journal-title":"Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/auar.12172","article-title":"Institutional Investor Protection Pressures versus Firm Incentives in the Disclosure of Integrated Reporting","volume":"28","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust. Account. Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.2318","article-title":"Exploring the firm and country determinants of the voluntary adoption of integrated reporting","volume":"28","author":"Girella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Environ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.740","article-title":"Determinants of Traditional Sustainability Reporting Versus Integrated Reporting. An Institutionalist Approach","volume":"21","author":"Jensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Environ."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.1863","article-title":"Corporate Sustainable Development: Is \u2018Integrated Reporting\u2019 a Legitimation Strategy?","volume":"25","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Environ."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.1345","article-title":"Stakeholder Engagement, Corporate Social Responsibility and Integrated Reporting: An Exploratory Study","volume":"22","year":"2015","journal-title":"Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1108\/JIC-06-2018-0097","article-title":"Developing trust through stewardship: Implications for intellectual capital, integrated reporting, and the EU Directive 2014\/95\/EU","volume":"20","author":"Dumay","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Intellect. Cap."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1108\/MEDAR-06-2020-0914","article-title":"Rebuilding trust: Sustainability and non-financial reporting and the European Union regulation","volume":"28","author":"Sabelfeld","year":"2020","journal-title":"Meditari Account. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.2175","article-title":"Assessing corporate environmental issues in international companies: A study of explanatory factors","volume":"27","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Environ."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.2317","article-title":"Opening up the firm: What explains participation and effort in voluntary carbon disclosure by global businesses? An analysis of internal firm factors and dynamics","volume":"28","author":"Hsueh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Environ."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.1950","article-title":"Does Innovation Drive Environmental Disclosure? A New Insight into Sustainable Development","volume":"26","author":"Radu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bus. Strategy Environ."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.14488\/BJOPM.2019.v16.n4.a11","article-title":"Similarity modelling with ideal solution for comparative analysis of projects in the context of the additional brics proposal","volume":"16","author":"Saisse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz. J. Oper. Prod. Manag."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.02.023","article-title":"A data envelopment analysis and local partial least squares approach for identifying the optimal innovation policy direction","volume":"285","author":"Tziogkidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"e200007","article-title":"Innovation for what? Unpacking the role of innovation for weak and strong sustainability","volume":"2","author":"Chaminade","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.131164","article-title":"National innovation systems and sustainability: What is the role of the environmental dimension?","volume":"347","author":"Fernandes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.124742","article-title":"The effects of environmental technologies: Evidence of different national innovation systems","volume":"284","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2016.04.123","article-title":"Global innovation index: Moving beyond the absolute value of ranking with a fuzzy-set analysis","volume":"69","author":"Crespo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1108\/PAR-10-2020-0196","article-title":"The impact of corporate social responsibility on financial distress: Evidence from developing economy","volume":"33","author":"Farooq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pac. Account. Rev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-27242016000400003","article-title":"Mechanisms and Functions within a National Innovation System","volume":"11","author":"Gogodze","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Technol. Manag. Innov."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"77","article-title":"Efficiency of National Innovation Systems\u2014Poland and Bulgaria in the Context of the Global Innovation Index","volume":"20","author":"Jankowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comp. Econ. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjar.2022.100250","article-title":"Government R&D spending, fiscal instruments and corporate technological innovation","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"China J. Account. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Lundvall, B.-A. (1992). National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning, Pinter."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/13662710601130863","article-title":"National innovation systems\u2014Analytical concept and development tool","volume":"14","author":"Lundvall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ind. Innov."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2307\/2095101","article-title":"The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields (translated by G. Yudin)","volume":"48","author":"DiMaggio","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020764227390","article-title":"Capitalization versus Expensing: Evidence on the Uncertainty of Future Earnings from Capital Expenditures versus R&D Outlays","volume":"7","author":"Kothari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Account. Stud."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenberg, N. (1994). Exploring the Black Box: Technology, Economics, and History, Technology and Culture, Technology and Culture, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511582554"},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Mohrman, S., O\u2019Toole, J., and Sheffield, E. (2015). Corporate and integrated reporting: A functional perspective. Corporate Stewardship: Achieving Sustainable Effectiveness, Greenleaf Publishing."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4101(83)90011-3","article-title":"Discretionary Disclosure","volume":"5","author":"Verrecchia","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Account. Econ."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpa.2014.07.002","article-title":"The international integrated reporting council: A story of failure","volume":"27","author":"Flower","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Perspect. Account."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"WBCSD (2022, March 22). Reporting Matters, World Business Council for Sustainable Development. Available online: https:\/\/www.wbcsd.org\/contentwbc\/download\/10460\/156310\/1."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"190","article-title":"Factors affecting the diffusion of integrated reporting\u2014A UK FTSE 100 perspective","volume":"6","author":"Robertson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sustain. Account. Manag. Policy J."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"351","article-title":"Rationales for integrated reporting adoption and factors impacting on the extent of adoption: A UK perspective","volume":"11","author":"Robertson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Account. Manag. Policy J."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Freeman, E.R. (1984). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, Pitman Publishing."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1108\/MAJ-01-2016-1309","article-title":"Diffusion of integrated reporting in an emerging South Asian (SAARC) nation","volume":"32","author":"Gunarathne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Manag. Audit. J."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1108\/JAAR-04-2020-0068","article-title":"Does institutional theory explain integrated reporting adoption of Fortune 500 companies?","volume":"22","author":"Uyar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Account. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1108\/MEDAR-11-2019-0604","article-title":"CEO power and integrated reporting","volume":"29","author":"Raimo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Meditari Account. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1108\/MEDAR-11-2020-1111","article-title":"Board characteristics and the choice between sustainability and integrated reporting: A European analysis","volume":"30","author":"Girella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Meditari Account. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1108\/MEDAR-08-2020-0978","article-title":"Is voluntary International Integrated Reporting Framework adoption a step on the sustainability road and does adoption matter to capital markets?","volume":"30","author":"Hsiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Meditari Account. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bar.2019.01.002","article-title":"The determinants of companies\u2019 levels of integration: Does one size fit all?","volume":"51","author":"Busco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. Account. Rev."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.1734","article-title":"Appreciations, criticisms, determinants, and effects of integrated reporting: A systematic literature review","volume":"26","author":"Vitolla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Edquist, C. (1997). Systems of Innovation Approaches\u2014Their Emergence and Characteristics. Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organisations, Pinter."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Edquist, C. (1997). Institutions and Organisations in Systems of Innovation. Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organisations, Pinter."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2006.04.001","article-title":"Emergence and development of the National Innovation Systems concept","volume":"35","author":"Sharif","year":"2006","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00191-004-0187-y","article-title":"Recent trends in the research on national innovation systems","volume":"14","author":"Balzat","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Evol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2015.05.004","article-title":"National innovation systems and the intermediary role of industry associations in building institutional capacities for innovation in developing countries: A critical review of the literature","volume":"44","author":"Watkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764205285172","article-title":"Institutional Analysis and the Paradox of Corporate Social Responsibility","volume":"49","author":"Campbell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2007.25275684","article-title":"Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility","volume":"32","author":"Campbell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2008.31193458","article-title":"\u2018Implicit\u2019 and \u2018Explicit\u2019 CSR: A conceptual framework for a comparative understanding of corporate social responsibility","volume":"33","author":"Matten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2307\/258610","article-title":"Strategic responses to institutional processes","volume":"16","author":"Oliver","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1086\/226550","article-title":"Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony","volume":"83","author":"Meyer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. J. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"Scott, W.R. (1995). Institutions and Organizations: Ideas, Interests and Identities, Sage."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2307\/1882010","article-title":"Job Market Signaling","volume":"87","author":"Spence","year":"1973","journal-title":"Q. J. Econ."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2307\/3003485","article-title":"The Determination of Financial Structure: The Incentive-Signalling Approach, Source","volume":"8","author":"Ross","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bell J. Econ."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"39","article-title":"Signalling theory: A review and assessment","volume":"37","author":"Connelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.935899","article-title":"Towards a theoretical framework for the innovation in sustainability reporting: An integrated reporting perspective","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2307\/1388226","article-title":"Organizational Legitimacy: Social Values and Organizational Behavior","volume":"18","author":"Dowling","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pac. Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"(2022, June 05). Cornell, INSEAD and WIPO, The Global Innovation Index 2019: Creating Healthy Lives\u2014The Future of Medical Innovation. World Intellectual Property Organization. Available online: https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/publications\/en\/details.jsp?id=4434."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1093\/reseval\/rvy011","article-title":"On the meaning of innovation performance: Is the synthetic indicator of the Innovation Union Scoreboard flawed?","volume":"27","author":"Edquist","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. Eval."},{"key":"ref_88","unstructured":"Gann, D., and Dogson, M. (2022, February 05). We Need to Measure Innovation Better. Here\u2019s How. World Economic Forum. Available online: https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2019\/05\/we-need-to-measure-innovation-better-heres-how-to-do-it\/."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(01)00176-7","article-title":"Determinants of innovation capability in small electronics and software firms in southeast England","volume":"31","author":"Romijn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1108\/09513571011080180","article-title":"Environmental management accounting and innovation: An exploratory analysis, Accounting","volume":"23","author":"Ferreira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Audit. Account. J."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2018.05.005","article-title":"Innovation indicators throughout the innovation process: An extensive literature analysis","volume":"80\u201381","author":"Dziallas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2003.09.009","article-title":"Identification of innovating firms through technological innovation indicators: An application to the Spanish ceramic tile industry","volume":"33","author":"Flor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S1573-448X(89)02006-6","article-title":"Empirical studies of innovation and market structure","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Cohen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Handbook of Industrial Organization"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-7333(95)00842-X","article-title":"A literature-based innovation output indicator","volume":"25","author":"Coombs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_95","unstructured":"Thomson Reuters (2019). Thomson Reuters ESG Scores, Thomson Reuters."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1057\/jibs.2012.26","article-title":"What Drives Corporate Social Performance? The Role of Nation-level Institutions","volume":"43","author":"Ioannou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Int. Bus. Stud."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0925(200009)7:3<114::AID-EMA131>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Environmental reporting in developing countries: Empirical evidence from Bangladesh","volume":"7","author":"Belal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eco-Manag. Audit."},{"key":"ref_98","unstructured":"Hofstede, G. (2022, May 18). Dimension Data Matrix. Available online: https:\/\/geerthofstede.com\/research-and-vsm\/dimension-data-matrix\/."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2307\/2490647","article-title":"Company Size, Listed Versus Unlisted Stocks, and the Extent of Financial Disclosure","volume":"13","author":"Buzby","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Account. Res."},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"120","article-title":"An empirical analysis of the quality of corporate financial disclosure","volume":"46","author":"Singhvi","year":"1971","journal-title":"Account. Rev."},{"key":"ref_101","unstructured":"Gujarati, D. (1995). Basic Econometrics, Mc-Graw Hill International Editions. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"476","article-title":"Organisational benefits and implementation challenges of mandatory integrated reporting: Perspectives of senior executives at South African listed companies","volume":"5","author":"Steyn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sustain. Account. Manag. Policy J."},{"key":"ref_103","unstructured":"Birshan, M., Seth, I., and Sternfels, B. (2022, May 25). Strategic Courage in an Age of Volatility. Available online: https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/capabilities\/strategy-and-corporate-finance\/our-insights\/strategic-courage-in-an-age-of-volatility."}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/15\/1\/657\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:56:28Z","timestamp":1760147788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/15\/1\/657"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["su15010657"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su15010657","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]}}}