{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T14:46:56Z","timestamp":1768315616400,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies","award":["UIDB\/04058\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04058\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies","award":["UIDP\/04058\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04058\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/04058\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04058\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDP\/04058\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04058\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study develops a four-item scale to measure the impact of a tourism lifestyle entrepreneur on the touristic experience, and seeks to understand to what extent a tourist perceives, through what is provided, that a tourism business owner, is not a \u201ccommon entrepreneur\u201d. After an item generation, data was collected from two different surveys with 200 answers, and exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were performed to test discriminant and nomological validity. The correlation between the variables was significant at level 0.01 and the coefficients were positive. Cronbach\u2019s Alpha was acceptable with a value of 0.736. The results complemented existing literature on this topic and allowed further research to measure the perception of tourists in regard to tourism lifestyle entrepreneurship. From an interdisciplinary perspective, this manuscript presents insights for entrepreneurial management, tourism marketing and business sustainability. At the end, the limitations of the study are presented, and lines of investigation outlined for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su15021201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T04:42:17Z","timestamp":1673239337000},"page":"1201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Measuring Sustainable Tourism Lifestyle Entrepreneurship Orientation to Improve Tourist Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Antunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DMOGG, ISCTE\u2013Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa, Av. das For\u00e7as Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4074-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DMOGG, ISCTE\u2013Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa, Av. das For\u00e7as Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1965-7427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies (GOVCOPP), Aveiro, Polytechnic Institute of C\u00e1vado and Ave (IPCA), 4750-810 Barcelos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8588-2422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CiTUR, Polytechnic Institute of C\u00e1vado and Ave (IPCA), 4750-810 Barcelos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4920-0498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DMOGG, ISCTE\u2013Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa, Av. das For\u00e7as Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1080\/10941665.2011.597580","article-title":"Seasonality and the lifestyle \u201cconundrum\u201d: An analysis of lifestyle entrepreneurship in wine tourism regions","volume":"16","author":"Dawson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Tour. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/jsbm.12161","article-title":"Entrepreneurship and Family Firm Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of An Emerging Field","volume":"54","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Small Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/150222502760347518","article-title":"Farm tourism in Sweden: Structure, growth and characteristics","volume":"2","author":"Mattsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand. J. Hosp. Tour."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, A., Dias, A., Patuleia, M., and Pereira, L. (2022). Financial Objectives and Satisfaction with Life: A Mixed-Method Study in Surf Lifestyle Entrepreneurs. Soc. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci11120555"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2011.03.015","article-title":"Tourism entrepreneurs in Northumberland","volume":"38","author":"Bosworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Tour. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/1077727X05283632","article-title":"An exploratory study of lifestyle entrepreneurship and its relationship to life quality","volume":"34","author":"Marcketti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fam. Consum. Sci. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canosa, A., and Sch\u00e4nzel, H. (2021). The Role of Children in Tourism and Hospitality Family Entrepreneurship. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132212801"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1080\/09669580008667374","article-title":"\u2018Staying within the fence\u2019: Lifestyle entrepreneurship in tourism?","volume":"8","author":"Ateljevic","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Tour."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1080\/15022250.2017.1389123","article-title":"Tourism activity as an expression of place attachment\u2013place perceptions among tourism actors in the Jukkasj\u00e4rvi area of northern Sweden","volume":"18","author":"Schilar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. J. Hosp. Tour."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2017.1358701","article-title":"Creative tourism in Balinese rural communities","volume":"21","author":"Blapp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Tour."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1002\/jtr.2436","article-title":"Retaining tourism lifestyle entrepreneurs for destination competitiveness","volume":"23","author":"Dias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Tour. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploring Creative Tourism: Editors Introduction Richards","volume":"4","author":"Richards","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Tour. Consum. Pract."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1080\/14766825.2020.1775623","article-title":"Developing poor communities through creative tourism","volume":"19","author":"Dias","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Tour. Cult. Change"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1108\/00251741211227384","article-title":"Entrepreneurship research","volume":"50","author":"Audretsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Manag. Decis."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Dollinger, M.J. (2008). Entrepreneurship: Strategies and Resources, Marsh Publications."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"8","article-title":"Entrepreneurship theory, process, and practice in the 21st century","volume":"13","author":"Kuratko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Entrep. Small Bus."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2015.01.040","article-title":"The effect of social, cultural, and economic factors on entrepreneurship","volume":"68","author":"Galindo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/15022250.2015.1065592","article-title":"Tourism Entrepreneurship\u2014Review and Future Directions","volume":"15","author":"Solvoll","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. J. Hosp. Tour."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2018.10.005","article-title":"The entrepreneurship research in hospitality and tourism","volume":"78","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1080\/10548408.2019.1598535","article-title":"Role Shifting Between Entrepreneur and Tourist: A Case Study on Dali and Lijiang, China","volume":"37","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Travel Tour. Mark."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/15022250.2017.1383936","article-title":"The entrepreneur\u2013opportunity nexus: Discovering the forces that promote product innovations in rural micro-tourism firms","volume":"19","author":"Yachin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand. J. Hosp. Tour."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.53703\/001c.29474","article-title":"Lifestyle Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Rural Areas: The Case of Tourism Entrepreneurs","volume":"31","author":"Dias","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Small Bus. Strategy"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970005","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.970005","article-title":"Developing Lifestyle Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Destinations","volume":"13","author":"Dias","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machado, H., Vareiro, L., Mendes, R., and Sousa, B. (2022). Sustainability in Rural Tourism: The Strategic Perspective of Owners. Advances in Tourism, Technology and Systems, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-1040-1_9"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"17","article-title":"Tourism growth and entrepreneurship: Empirical analysis of development of rural highlands","volume":"14","author":"Jaafar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tour. Manag. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2017.05.001","article-title":"The nature of ethical entrepreneurship in tourism","volume":"65","author":"Power","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Tour. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias, \u00c1., Silva, G.M., Patuleia, M., and Gonz\u00e1lez-Rodr\u00edguez, M.R. (2020). Developing sustainable business models: Local knowledge acquisition and tourism lifestyle entrepreneurship. J. Sustain. Tour.","DOI":"10.1080\/09669582.2020.1835931"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/jtr.482","article-title":"Rural tourism development in southeastern Europe: Transition and the search for sustainability","volume":"6","author":"Hall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Tour. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/19407963.2021.1892124","article-title":"Post-pandemic recovery strategies: Revitalizing lifestyle entrepreneurship","volume":"14","author":"Dias","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Policy Res. Tour. Leis. Events"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3364","DOI":"10.1108\/MD-11-2018-1234","article-title":"Linking entrepreneurial orientation to SMEs\u2019 performance: Implications for entrepreneurship universities","volume":"57","author":"Schiuma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Manag. Decis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-016-9798-6","article-title":"Entrepreneurship as a twenty-first century skill: Entrepreneurial alertness and intention in the transition to adulthood","volume":"48","author":"Obschonka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"157","article-title":"Sustainable tourism: Sustaining tourism or something more?","volume":"25","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tour. Manag. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/146735840200400102","article-title":"Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Tourism: The Houseboats of Kerala","volume":"4","author":"Kokkranikal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tour. Hosp. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1080\/09669582.2015.1019513","article-title":"Community participation in sustainable rural tourism experience creation: A long-term appraisal and lessons from a thematic villages project in Poland","volume":"23","author":"Idziak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Tour."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2016.03.023","article-title":"Lifestyle entrepreneurs and their identity construction: A study of the tourism industry","volume":"56","author":"Bredvold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2013.783794","article-title":"Creativity and tourism in the city","volume":"17","author":"Richards","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Tour."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2011.02.006","article-title":"Social capital and tourism entrepreneurship","volume":"38","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Tour. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbvi.2015.04.001","article-title":"Place attachment and social legitimacy: Revisiting the sustainable entrepreneurship journey","volume":"3","author":"Kibler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ventur. Insights"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2018.1437122","article-title":"Hospitality entrepreneurs managing quality of life and business growth","volume":"22","author":"Peters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Tour."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287518800389","article-title":"Impact of Lifestyle-Oriented Motivation on Small Tourism Enterprises\u2019 Social Responsibility and Performance","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Travel Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1080\/09654313.2015.1061484","article-title":"Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Regional Policy: A Sympathetic Critique","volume":"23","author":"Stam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Plan. Stud."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2019.04.002","article-title":"Entrepreneurship in tourism firms: A mixed-methods analysis of performance driver configurations","volume":"74","author":"Kallmuenzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/09537287.2010.536619","article-title":"Collaborative networked organisations and customer communities: Value co-creation and co-innovation in the networking era","volume":"22","author":"Romero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prod. Plan. Control."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.29333\/ejecs\/516","article-title":"The impacts of tourism on cultural identity on lisbon historic neighbourhoods","volume":"8","author":"Daly","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethn. Cult. Stud."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2018.09.004","article-title":"The special characteristics of tourism innovation networks: The case of the Regional Innovation System in South Tyrol","volume":"37","author":"Kofler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/0266242613488614","article-title":"Understanding place-based entrepreneurship in rural Central Europe: A comparative institutional analysis","volume":"32","author":"Lang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Small Bus. J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-019-00270-6","article-title":"Entrepreneurial ecosystem elements","volume":"56","author":"Stam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1080\/09654313.2017.1299694","article-title":"A critical review of entrepreneurial ecosystems research: Towards a future research agenda","volume":"25","author":"Alvedalen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Plan. Stud."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"46","article-title":"Tourism networks unravelled; a review of the literature on networks in tourism management studies","volume":"15","author":"Vanneste","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tour. Manag. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2013.01.012","article-title":"Value Co-creation significance of tourist resources","volume":"42","author":"Prebensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Tour. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/sej.1268","article-title":"Toward a process theory of entrepreneurial ecosystems","volume":"12","author":"Spigel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Strateg. Entrep. J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/etap.12167","article-title":"The Relational Organization of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems","volume":"41","author":"Spigel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Entrep. Theory Pract."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J.-S. (2010). A Research in Relating Entrepreneurship, Marketing Capability, Innovative Capability and Sustained Competitive Advantage. J. Bus. Econ. Res., 8.","DOI":"10.19030\/jber.v8i9.763"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1108\/TR-06-2019-0204","article-title":"Tourism entrepreneurship research: A perspective article","volume":"75","author":"Ratten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tour. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1080\/02642069.2013.740469","article-title":"Patterns of innovation in tourism \u201cSmall and Medium-size Enterprises\u201d","volume":"33","author":"Tejada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Serv. Ind. J."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1108\/K-07-2013-0155","article-title":"Building a model of researching the sustainable entrepreneurship in the tourism sector","volume":"43","author":"Crnogaj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1108\/BFJ-07-2019-0475","article-title":"Sustainability in the wine sector: An empirical analysis of the level of awareness and perception among the Italian consumers","volume":"122","author":"Mastroberardino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. Food J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2011.02.003","article-title":"Understanding small firms in tourism: A perspective on research trends and challenges","volume":"32","author":"Thomas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2018.05.003","article-title":"Commodification and perceived authenticity in commercial homes","volume":"71","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Tour. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2017.12.013","article-title":"Experience-involvement, memorability and authenticity: The service provider\u2019s effect on tourist experience","volume":"67","author":"Zatori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164419885164","article-title":"The Effect of Estimation Methods on SEM Fit Indices","volume":"80","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.121092","article-title":"CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting","volume":"173","author":"Dash","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct. Equ. Model."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2020.06.007","article-title":"Entrepreneurs in rural tourism: Do lifestyle motivations contribute to management practices that enhance sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems?","volume":"44","author":"Cunha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Tour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1108\/SEJ-01-2013-0001","article-title":"Motivations of social entrepreneurs","volume":"10","author":"Mottiar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc. Enterp. J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2012.07.007","article-title":"Business models for sustainable innovation: State-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda","volume":"45","author":"Boons","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1177\/1354816616654245","article-title":"Purchase of local products within the rural tourist experience context","volume":"22","author":"Kastenholz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tour. Econ."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinto, J.P., Veloso, C.M., Sousa, B.B., Valeri, M., Walter, C.E., and Lopes, E. (2022). Managerial Practices and (Post) Pandemic Consumption of Private Labels: Online and Offline Retail Perspective in a Portuguese Context. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su141710813"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1080\/21568316.2012.726254","article-title":"Creative Outposts: Tourism\u2019s Place in Rural Innovation","volume":"9","author":"Brouder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tour. Plan. Dev."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"7","article-title":"Tourists Perception and Satisfaction: Implications for Destination Management","volume":"1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veloso, C.M., Walter, C.E., Sousa, B., Au-Yong-Oliveira, M., Santos, V., and Valeri, M. (2021). Academic tourism and transport services: Student perceptions from a social responsibility perspective. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13168794"}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/15\/2\/1201\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:04:11Z","timestamp":1760119451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/15\/2\/1201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["su15021201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su15021201","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]}}}