{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:50:09Z","timestamp":1774126209523,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":187,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/04728\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04728\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDP\/04728\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04728\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to explore whether the speed of internationalisation\u2014measured by the change in international scale and the change in international scope\u2014can mediate the relationship between network clustering (cooperation networks) and clustered firms\u2019 performance. A quantitative methodology was used to accomplish this purpose, and the research model was tested using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Based on a sample of 1491 Portuguese firms, this paper showed that network clustering directly and positively impacts clustered firms\u2019 performance. When considering the effect of the speed of internationalisation, the study revealed that network clustering also has an indirect, mediated impact on firms\u2019 performance, through the change in international scope (geographical diversification). Conversely, when accounting for the mediation of the change in international scale (degree of internationalisation), the results confirmed that this dimension of speed does not mediate the relationship between network clustering and firms\u2019 performance. This evidence, therefore, stresses the role of geographical diversification in shaping how well the clustered firms perform based on the networks established through industrial clusters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su15032003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T06:52:41Z","timestamp":1674197561000},"page":"2003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dancing with Giants: A Unified Framework for Cooperation Networks, Speed of Internationalisation, and Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6499-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Telma","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Science, Centro de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Empresariais e Sistemas de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o (CIICESI), Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o (ESTG), Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4610-156 Felgueiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Business Organisation and Marketing, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Science, Centro de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Empresariais e Sistemas de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o (CIICESI), Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o (ESTG), Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4610-156 Felgueiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7548-9785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Science, Centro de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Empresariais e Sistemas de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o (CIICESI), Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o (ESTG), Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4610-156 Felgueiras, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1177\/0266242618775169","article-title":"Disentangling the effects of the post-entry speed of internationalization on export performance of INVs","volume":"36","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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