{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T02:08:47Z","timestamp":1777082927962,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT","award":["UIDB\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50022\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046102"]}]},{"name":"Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o and Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa, through Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER)","award":["UIDB\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50022\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o and Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa, through Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER)","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the Twin-Transition reference model has gained notoriety as one of the key options for decarbonizing the economy while adopting more sustainable models leveraged by the Industry 4.0 paradigm. In this regard, one of the most relevant challenges is the integration of data-driven approaches with sustainability assessment approaches, since overcoming this challenge will foster more agile sustainable development. Without disregarding the effort of academics and practitioners in the development of sustainability assessment approaches, the authors consider the need for holistic frameworks that also encourage continuous improvement in sustainable development. The main objective of this research is to propose a holistic framework that supports companies to assess sustainability performance effectively and more easily, supported by digital capabilities and data-driven concepts, while integrating improvement procedures and methodologies. To achieve this objective, the research is based on the analysis of published approaches, with special emphasis on the data-driven concepts supporting sustainability assessment and Lean Thinking methods. From these results, we identified and extracted the metrics, scopes, boundaries, and kinds of output for decision-making. A new holistic framework is described, and we have included a guide with the steps necessary for its adoption in a given company, thus helping to enhance sustainability while using data availability and data-analytics tools.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su15043562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T03:09:21Z","timestamp":1676430561000},"page":"3562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Holistic Framework to Data-Driven Sustainability Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9765-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Pe\u00e7as","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, India"},{"name":"LAETA\u2014Associate Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aerospace, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4144-4420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenin","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6321-9032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"LAETA\u2014Associate Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aerospace, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio J.","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA\u2014Associate Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aerospace, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEGI\u2014Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2741-6922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara M.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA\u2014Associate Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aerospace, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEGI\u2014Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Low Carbon & Resource Efficiency, R&Di, Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, 4415-491 Grij\u00f3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0734-5429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Low Carbon & Resource Efficiency, R&Di, Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, 4415-491 Grij\u00f3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Estrela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Low Carbon & Resource Efficiency, R&Di, Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, Taguspark, 2740-120 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4380-3220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Pilastri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPMQ-IT Engineering Maturity and Quality Lab, CCG ZGDV Institute, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Set\u00fabal, 2914-508 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Approaches to sustainable manufacturing","volume":"1","author":"Seliger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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