{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:48:17Z","timestamp":1775695697061,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study explores cross-cultural differences in consumers\u2019 attitudes toward farm animal welfare (FAW) in BRIC countries. Questionnaires administered in each country contained the following questions: (i) \u201cIt is important to me that animals used for food are well cared for\u201d, (ii) \u201cThe typical nationality thinks it is important that animals used for food are well cared for\u201d, (iii) \u201cLow meat prices are more important than the well-being of animals used for food\u201d, and (iv) \u201cThe typical nationality thinks that low meat prices are more important than the well-being of animals used for food\u201d. Answers were given on a Likert scale (from total disagreement to total agreement). Data fit multinomial logistic models using \u201cCountry\u201d and \u201cGender\u201d as factors and \u201cAge\u201d as a covariate. The results showed that women had stronger pro-animal attitudes. Statements on the perception of FAW importance had an agreement tendency that increased with age, while the opposite was true for meat prices. Brazil showed the highest levels of individual pro-FAW attitudes, and the same trend in relation to meat prices. Russia showed a slightly lower pro-FAW attitude, but the perception of the compatriots\u2019 attitudes towards FAW showed the opposite. Russians in general disagree with low meat prices in exchange for the detriment of FAW. Indians were the least supportive of FAW and, together with the Chinese, were the least supportive of an increase in meat prices to improve FAW. The Chinese showed prominent levels of neutrality towards FAW. These results may contribute to the definition of food and trade policies and help to adjust the supply chain to consumers\u2019 socio-cultural and economic differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su15043619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T02:28:27Z","timestamp":1676514507000},"page":"3619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Attitudinal and Behavioural Differences towards Farm Animal Welfare among Consumers in the BRIC Countries and the USA"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5687-7114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Mata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS\u2014Centre for Research and Development in Agri-Food Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial Nun\u2019\u00c1lvares, 34, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1992-0419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Dos-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IUL DIN\u00c2MI\u00c1CET, ISCTE-Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa, Avenida das For\u00e7as Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Cocksedge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Finance, Durham University, Stockton Road, The Palatine Centre, Durham DH1 3LE, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alonso, M.E., Gonz\u00e1lez-Monta\u00f1a, J.R., and Lomillos, J.M. 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