{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T09:25:57Z","timestamp":1771579557194,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objectives of this study were to assess the psychometric properties of the Coach-created Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire (EDMCQ-C) by testing four different hypotheses. A procedure of translation and adaptation of the instrument between different languages and cultures was carried out. A total of 350 national level Brazilian athletes (aged between 15 and 17 years; mean = 17.0, SD = 1.7) completed the questionnaire. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM) were performed. Consistent with previous work on the EDMCQ-C, all solutions failed to achieve suitable levels of fit for a hierarchical model represented by five climate dimensions (autonomy-supportive, controlling, task-involving, ego-involving, and socially-supportive) and two global dimensions (empowering and disempowering). The 2-ESEM solution provided a satisfactory fit for the first-order model with two global factors supported. The 2-ESEM version of the questionnaire showed adequate predictive and discriminant validity, good internal consistency, and invariance across gender. Such results suggest that the EDMCQ-C is a promising scale to assess Brazilian athletes\u2019 perception of the over-arching empowering and disempowering features of the coach-created motivational climate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su15064709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T02:30:45Z","timestamp":1678156245000},"page":"4709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Psychometric Properties of the Coach-Created Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire (EDMCQ-C) in a Brazilian Sample of Athletes: An ESEM Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6297-4968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Lopes","family":"Angelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Programme in Physical Education, S\u00e3o Judas Tadeu University, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-001, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Joan L.","family":"Duda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Balaguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Psicolog\u00eda del Deporte, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46010 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2336-0853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Movement, Lisbon University, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Programme in Physical Education, S\u00e3o Judas Tadeu University, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-001, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5303-5782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Anuncia\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicologia, PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro 22451-040, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8892-6251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Tutte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bienestar y Salud, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Uruguay, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6357-2968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Villas Boas","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Programme in Physical Education, S\u00e3o Judas Tadeu University, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-001, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4655-1927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio Reyes","family":"Bossio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9069-4672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Programme in Physical Education, S\u00e3o Judas Tadeu University, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-001, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knight, C.J., Harwood, C.G., and Gould, D. 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