{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T01:17:26Z","timestamp":1773019046684,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biosurfactants have attracted considerable attention because of their lower toxicity, biocompatibility, and effectiveness over chemical surfactants. The use of renewable sources and the concept of sustainable production for such biomolecules supports the increased demand for eco-friendly products. Herein, the present study investigated corncobs (CC) and sunflower stalks (SS) as substitutes for conventional substrates in submerged fermentation with B. subtilis. The agro-industrial residues were submitted to an alkaline pretreatment to obtain hydrolysates rich in hemicelluloses, whose concentrations were determined at 48.8% and 65.7% for corncob and sunflower stalk liquors, respectively. The influence of different concentrations of glucose (0, 2.5, and 5%) and liquor (0, 20%, and 40%) were evaluated according to cell concentration, surface tension reduction rate (STRR), and emulsification index (EI24). Biosurfactants obtained with the hemicellulose liquor of sunflower stalk showed the highest cell concentration (4.57 g\/L) and STRR (58.07%), whereas the maximum values of EI24 (56.90% in hexane, 65.63% in toluene, and 64.86% in kerosene) were achieved by using corncob liquor. All top results were observed at 2.5% glucose, 20% liquor (CC or SS), and 1% mineral salts. Notably, excess glucose or liquor (CC or SS) negatively affected cell growth and biosurfactant performance. The results indicated the potential of corncobs and sunflower stalks as low-cost substrates to produce a high added-value biosurfactant with promising tensoative and emulsifying properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su15086341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T04:08:03Z","timestamp":1680840483000},"page":"6341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Use of Agro-Industrial Waste for Biosurfactant Production: A Comparative Study of Hemicellulosic Liquors from Corncobs and Sunflower Stalks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Brenda Lohanny Passos","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8625-978X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meirielly Santos","family":"Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Development in Agri-Food Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Pra\u00e7a General Barbosa, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5687-7114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Development in Agri-Food Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Pra\u00e7a General Barbosa, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Aline Alves Oliveira Santos","family":"Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordination of Food Technical Course, Federal Institute of Sergipe, Aracaju 49055-260, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Isabela Maria Monteiro","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Larissa Castor","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1214-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A.","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-180, Brazil"},{"name":"Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, State University of Amap\u00e1, Macap\u00e1 68900-070, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4825-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Vaz-Velho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Development in Agri-Food Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Pra\u00e7a General Barbosa, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Denise Santos","family":"Ruzene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Daniel Pereira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Intellectual Property Science, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biori.2018.09.001","article-title":"Biosurfactants\u2014A new frontier for social and environmental safety: A mini review","volume":"2","author":"Akbari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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