{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T15:20:07Z","timestamp":1774538407189,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portugal\u2019s national funding FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portugal\u2019s national funding FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portugal\u2019s national funding FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hemp fibers produced by different extraction techniques that were cultivated in the Portuguese districts of Bragan\u00e7a and Mirandela under various nitrogen fertilization and planting density conditions are examined and mechanically described in this paper. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of sowing density, nitrogen fertilization, sample location, and extraction method in order to improve the mechanical properties of hemp fibers. To achieve this, we determined the modulus of elasticity, the tensile strength, and the density. The mean value for the modulus of elasticity was 92.44 \u00b1 7.44 GPa, the mean of tensile strength was 564.98 \u00b1 167.03 MPa, and the mean of the density was 1.64 \u00b1 0.24 g cm\u22123. We performed a statistical analysis of all parameters using ANOVA and found that the retting method had the greatest influence among all parameters. The associated effects of nitrogen fertilization and sowing density revealed an important influence on tensile strength and specific tensile strength, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su15129610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T02:54:33Z","timestamp":1686884073000},"page":"9610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Hemp Fibers Influenced by Various Parameters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6300-148X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"CIMO\u2014Mountain Research Center, Campus Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9285-7834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Rodr\u00edguez","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Salamanca, Av. Requejo 33, 49029 Zamora, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.02.132","article-title":"A review on new bio-based constituents for natural fiber-polymer composites","volume":"149","author":"Das","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechanical properties of HEMP fibers and HEMP\/PP composites: Effects of chemical surface treatment","volume":"11","author":"Suardana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mater. Phys. 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