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It specifically focused on carbon sequestration opportunities in the Upper Sabor River Watershed, situated in the northeast of Portugal, amidst agricultural land abandonment. The study involved mapping the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) across four soil layers (0\u20135 cm, 5\u201310 cm, 10\u201320 cm, and 20\u201330 cm) at 120 sampling points. The quantification of SOC storage (measured in Mg C ha\u22121) allowed for an analysis of its relationship with various landscape characteristics, including elevation, land use and land cover (LULC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI), topographic wetness index (TWI), and erosion risk (ER). Six statistical tests were employed, including multivariate approaches like Cubist and Random Forest, within different scenarios to assess carbon distribution within the watershed\u2019s soils. These modeling results were then utilized to propose strategies aimed at enhancing soil carbon storage. Notably, a significant discrepancy was observed in the carbon content between areas at higher elevations (&gt;1000 m) and those at lower elevations (&lt;800 m). Additionally, the study found that the amount of carbon stored in agricultural soils was often significantly lower than in other land use categories, including forests, mountain herbaceous vegetation, pasture, and shrub communities. Analyzing bi- and multivariate scenarios, it was determined that the scenario with the greatest number of independent variables (set 6) yielded the lowest RMSE (root mean squared error), serving as a key indicator for evaluating predicted values against observed values. However, it is important to note that the independent variables used in set 4 (elevation, LULC, and NDVI) had reasonably similar values. Ultimately, the spatialization of the model from scenario 6 provided actionable insights for soil carbon conservation and enhancement across three distinct elevation levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su152416853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T03:16:33Z","timestamp":1702610193000},"page":"16853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Carbon Storage Patterns and Landscape Sustainability in Northeast Portugal: A Digital Mapping Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0794-3768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus B.","family":"Patr\u00edcio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Science Research Centre, University of A Coru\u00f1a, Elvi\u00f1a Campus, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Lado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Science Research Centre, University of A Coru\u00f1a, Elvi\u00f1a Campus, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7690-8996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"de Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3061-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o C.","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo A. A.","family":"Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Technological University of Paran\u00e1, Campo Mour\u00e3o Campus, Campo Mour\u00e3o 87301-899, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Fel\u00edcia","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1002\/wcc.133","article-title":"Resilience implications of policy responses to climate change","volume":"2","author":"Adger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. 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