{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T10:28:52Z","timestamp":1776680932159,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT","award":["UIDB\/04011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04011\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Evaluations of the sustainability of the viticulture associated with wine production are still scarce in the literature. Usually, the \u2018carbon footprint\u2019 assumes the environmental dimension, while the economic pillar is focused on market orientation. In the present work, the integration of both was tested using a case study supported in a six-year series (2015\u20132021) of primary data from a farm in the Regi\u00e3o Demarcada do Douro (Douro Demarcated Region, hereafter the RDD). Economic and environmental inputs and outputs were collected from \u2018pruning to harvest\u2019. Profitability was calculated based on the market prices and environmental impacts using the AgriBalyse database, which is available in OpenLCA 1.10.3. In the scope of the economic results, the following costs stand out: (1) \u2018human labor\u2019; (2) use of machinery; and (3) plant protection products. Concerning the environmental impacts, the greatest weight resulted from the use of fuels, and no relation was found between the grape production variation and environmental factor variation. The indicators studied were considered valuable for comparing production systems (conventional, organic, and biodynamic, among others) and might support stakeholders\u2019 decision making. We highlight the importance of replication in further studies to better understand the complex world of viticulture\u2019s sustainability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su16052050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T03:31:23Z","timestamp":1709263883000},"page":"2050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sustainability in Mountain Viticulture: Insights from a Case Study in the Portuguese Douro Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economy, Sociology and Management, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9247-9167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Marta-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economy, Sociology and Management and Centre for Transdisciplinary Development Studies (CETRAD), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5731-767X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Raquel","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED) & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), University of \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4447-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Fluvial and Terrestrial Ecology, Innovation and Development Center, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Environment, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranh\u00e3o, R. Dep. Gast\u00e3o Vieira, 1000, Buriticupu 65393-000, MA, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-018-3942-7","article-title":"N2O, CO2, Production, and C Sequestration in vineyards: A review","volume":"229","author":"Nistor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.11.206","article-title":"Greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation options for German wine production","volume":"212","author":"Ponstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maesano, G., Milani, M., Nicolosi, E., D\u2019Amico, M., and Chinnici, G. (2022). A network analysis for environmental assessment in wine supply chain. 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