{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T04:27:06Z","timestamp":1771388826825,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Civil Protection Department","award":["ReLUIS 2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ReLUIS 2022-2024"]}]},{"name":"Italian Civil Protection Department","award":["2022.08138.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.08138.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"national Portuguese funds","award":["ReLUIS 2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ReLUIS 2022-2024"]}]},{"name":"national Portuguese funds","award":["2022.08138.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.08138.PTDC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A large share of the reinforced concrete (RC) building stock in Mediterranean countries faces a dual challenge of seismic vulnerability and energy inefficiency, calling for urgent renovation efforts. While energy upgrades have been the focus of previous renovation policies, recent research highlights the critical need for integrated retrofitting solutions that address both structural integrity and energy performance. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches are a promising tool for optimizing the combined choice of these integrated interventions, considering various decision variables (DVs) of economic, social, environmental, and technical nature. To understand the impact of climate and seismic hazard conditions on multi-criteria-based retrofitting assessment, a case-study RC school building is selected and assumed to be located in three distinct climate conditions, cold, mild, and warm, and three seismic hazard levels, low, medium and high. Moreover, given the complexity and challenges of quantifying seismic performance metrics for practitioners, an available simplified (practice-oriented) approach is compared herein with a more thorough research-based one for quantifying the seismic performance of RC buildings within the MCDM framework. Both approaches are applied to the case-study building, considering twelve possible combinations of energy and seismic interventions. The accuracy of the practice-oriented approach and its impact on the retrofitting rankings is evaluated, emphasizing the importance of accessible and efficient evaluation methods in facilitating informed decision-making for building renovation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su16104318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T11:06:41Z","timestamp":1716203201000},"page":"4318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Understanding the Impact of Seismic Hazard and Climate Conditions on Multi Criteria\u2013Based Retrofitting of Existing Buildings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5530-6950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Couto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Palazzo del Broletto, Piazza della Vittoria n.15, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9128-869X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianrocco","family":"Mucedero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Palazzo del Broletto, Piazza della Vittoria n.15, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"RESISK s.r.l., Piazza della Vittoria n.15, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6503-0644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Bento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2505-2996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Palazzo del Broletto, Piazza della Vittoria n.15, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"RESISK s.r.l., Piazza della Vittoria n.15, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"CONSTRUCT, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Comission Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, and the Committee of the Regions (2020). 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