{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T14:18:49Z","timestamp":1772201929235,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]],"date-time":"2024-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/00317\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00317\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/00317\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00317\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Healthcare professionals constantly face situations that reflect ecosystems\u2019 degradation. These can negatively affect their mental health. Research suggests that hope and resilience can play an important role in this scenario, since they are related to\/predict mental health in highly heterogeneous samples (considering geography, age, profession, health, etc.). In this context, the aims of the present study are the following: to characterize and explore the relationship between hope, resilient coping and mental health in Portuguese healthcare professionals. Using Google Forms, 276 healthcare professionals answered the GHQ-28, the (adult) Trait Hope Scale, and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (retrospective, analytical observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational research design). The minimum and maximum possible scores were reached, with the exception of the maximum score of GHQ-28-Total. Regarding Hope, 19.6% scored below the midpoint (M = 43.46, SD = 11.97); 29.3% revealed low resilience (M = 14.93, SD = 4.05); and the average of four of the five Mental Health scores (exception: Severe depression) indicates the probability of a psychiatric case. Hope correlated with Social dysfunction and GHQ-28-Total; resilient coping proved to be a (weak) predictor of four of the five GHQ-28 indicators (exception: Severe depression). The results support the need to promote the sample\u2019s mental health, hope and resilient coping. They also suggest that stimulating resilient coping may contribute to improving healthcare professionals\u2019 mental health. Prior research (e.g., on therapies to enhance hope, resilience and, thus, mental health), to which the current study contributes, supports optimism towards the necessary internal sustainability transition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su16125123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T08:48:31Z","timestamp":1718614111000},"page":"5123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risks of Ecosystems\u2019 Degradation: Portuguese Healthcare Professionals\u2019 Mental Health, Hope and Resilient Coping"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7189-3139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rute F.","family":"Meneses","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa (FCHS-UFP), Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research, Innovation and Development Institute of Fernando Pessoa Foundation (FP-I3ID), Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Health Research Network, University Fernando Pessoa (RISE-UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2236-4553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa (FCHS-UFP), Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research, Innovation and Development Institute of Fernando Pessoa Foundation (FP-I3ID), Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Health Research Network, University Fernando Pessoa (RISE-UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2952-8859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Computational and Stochastic Mathematics (CEMAT), 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1776-2442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Sani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa (FCHS-UFP), Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research, Innovation and Development Institute of Fernando Pessoa Foundation (FP-I3ID), Pra\u00e7a 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC), University of Minho (UM), 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S100","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2933","article-title":"Supporting mental health and psychological resilience among the health care workforce: Gaps in the evidence and urgency for action","volume":"21","author":"Akinnusotu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Family Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-023-11403-6","article-title":"Ecosystem degradation and the spread of COVID-19","volume":"195","author":"Castelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-021-01603-0","article-title":"The ecology of COVID-19 and related environmental and sustainability issues","volume":"51","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s42398-021-00207-4","article-title":"COVID-19 and environment: A poignant reminder of sustainability in the new normal","volume":"4","author":"Srivastava","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.155095","article-title":"Nature\u2019s contributions in coping with a pandemic in the 21st century: A narrative review of evidence during COVID-19","volume":"833","author":"Labib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106664","article-title":"Exposure to nature and mental health outcomes during COVID-19 lockdown. A comparison between Portugal and Spain","volume":"154","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-08974-210439","article-title":"Restoring ecosystem health to improve human health and well-being: Physicians and restoration ecologists unite in a common cause","volume":"21","author":"Aronson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ecosystem health towards sustainability","volume":"1","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Health Sustain."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"United Nations Environment Programme (2024, February 18). An Assessment of Risk and Threats to Human Health Associated with the Degradation of the Environment. Available online: https:\/\/wedocs.unep.org\/20.500.11822\/8183."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Nobre, C., Encalada, A., Anderson, E., Roca Alcazar, F.H., Bustamante, M., Mena, C., Pe\u00f1a-Claros, M., Poveda, G., Rodriguez, J.P., and Saleska, S. (2021). Chapter 21: Human well-being and health impacts of the degradation of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Amazon Assessment Report 2021, United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Available online: https:\/\/www.theamazonwewant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Chapter-21-Bound-May-11.pdf."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"304","article-title":"Ecosystem degradation and the need for restoration: Through the lens of environment and human health","volume":"6","author":"Dhiman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-021-00552-5","article-title":"Handling climate change education at universities: An overview","volume":"33","author":"Sima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Eur."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11625-023-01360-x","article-title":"Opening the human spirit to sustainability transformation: The potential for individual human\u2013nature resonance and integrative rituals","volume":"18","author":"Artmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustain. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812743","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.812743","article-title":"Impact of environmental degradation on human health: An assessment using multicriteria decision making","volume":"9","author":"Mumtaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.07.0315","article-title":"Addressing the urgent health challenges of climate change and ecosystem degradation from a One Health perspective: What can veterinarians contribute?","volume":"261","author":"Pappaioanou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, February 18). Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Health Synthesis\u2014A Report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Available online: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/43354\/9241563095.pdf?sequence=1."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"United Nations (2024, February 18). The 17 Goals. Available online: https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3390\/psych4030039","article-title":"Workplace violence in healthcare settings: Work-related predictors of violence behaviours","volume":"4","author":"Barros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psych"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15175","article-title":"The prevalence of mental health conditions in healthcare workers during and after a pandemic: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Hill","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986158","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.986158","article-title":"Relationship between physical activity levels of Portuguese physical therapists and mental health during a COVID-19 pandemic: Being active is the key","volume":"10","author":"Almeida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babicki, M., Szewczykowska, I., and Mastalerz-Migas, A. (2021). The mental well-being of health care workers during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic-A nationwide study in Poland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18116101"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"242","article-title":"Sleep habits as predictors of psychological health in healthcare professionals","volume":"36","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Psicol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e187443462306230","DOI":"10.2174\/18744346-v17-e20230711-2022-180","article-title":"Impact of coping skills and mental health in burnout among healthcare professionals during pandemic COVID-19","volume":"17","author":"Hyseni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Nurs. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s43045-022-00276-z","article-title":"Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 2 years after outbreak on mental health of medical workers in Iran","volume":"30","author":"Kolivand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Middle East Curr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"e130745","article-title":"The correlation between medical staff mental health and perceived social support during the COVID-19 pandemic, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran (2020)","volume":"10","author":"Kooteh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Middle East J. Rehabil. Health Stud."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301113","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1301113","article-title":"Subjective assessment of occupational stress and mental health of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic period","volume":"14","author":"Kowalczuk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maciaszek, J., Ciulkowicz, M., Misiak, B., Szczesniak, D., Luc, D., Wieczorek, T., Fila-Witecka, K., Gawlowski, P., and Rymaszewska, J. (2020). Mental health of medical and non-medical professionals during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional nationwide study. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082527"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"25","article-title":"Occupational stress and mental health on frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"6","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alerta"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi, S., Jamali, M., Mahdi, S.N., Amjaz, M.S., Baigi, V., and Yekaninejad, M.S. (2023). Mental health outcomes of hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. BMC Health Serv. Res., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-10430-w"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"e20136","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the 28-Item General Health Questionnaire in nurses: A proposal with 24 items","volume":"5","author":"Seabra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Refer\u00eancia"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"211","article-title":"The relationship between psychological distress and well-being among nurses in T\u00fcrkiye during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"13","author":"Zonp","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.15309\/21psd220309","article-title":"Peer support programme among ambulance personnel: Job satisfaction, health and support","volume":"22","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psicol. Sa\u00fade Doen\u00e7as"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linley, P.A., and Joseph, S. (2004). Strategies for accentuating hope. Positive Psychology in Practice, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470939338"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-005-5553-0","article-title":"Hope therapy in a community sample: A pilot investigation","volume":"77","author":"Cheavens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc. Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1304_01","article-title":"Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind","volume":"13","author":"Snyder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol. Inq."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"619","article-title":"The importance of hope against other factors in the recovery of mental illness","volume":"29","author":"Acharya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Danub."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"2066","article-title":"Relationship between hope and psychological well-being among male and female students of Farhangian University of Zanjan province","volume":"11","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indep. J. Manag. Prod."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antunes, M., Laranjeira, C., Querido, A., and Charepe, Z. (2023). \u201cWhat do we know about hope in nursing care?\u201d: A synthesis of concept analysis studies. Healthcare, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11202739"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, K., Yang, J., Chin, M.-K., Sullivan, L., Demirhan, G., Violant-Holtz, V., Uvinha, R.R., Dai, J., Xu, X., and Popeska, B. (2021). Mental health among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: A cross-sectional multi-country comparison. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052686"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-022-00589-0","article-title":"Healthcare professionals\u2019 lay definitions of hope","volume":"24","author":"Feldman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Happiness Stud."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856217726693","article-title":"Hope, recovery and symptoms: The importance of hope for people living with severe mental illness","volume":"25","author":"Hayes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australas. Psychiatry: Bull. R. Aust. N. Z. Coll. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20210474","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2021-0474","article-title":"The multidimensional model of hope as a recovery-focused practice in mental health nursing","volume":"75","author":"Laranjeira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Enfermagem"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van den Heuvel, S.C. (2020). Hope in health care: A synthesis of review studies. Historical and Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Hope, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-46489-9"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"34","article-title":"Positive Psychology and hope as means to recovery from mental illness","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Rehabil. Couns."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haugan, G., and Eriksson, M. (2021). Hope: A health promotion resource. Health Promotion in Health Care\u2014Vital Theories and Research, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-63135-2"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e836","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.836","article-title":"The mediating role of hope in relation with fear of COVID-19 and mental health: A study on tertiary level students of Rajshahi District","volume":"5","author":"Sarker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101559","article-title":"Hope\u2019s relationship with resilience and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"50","author":"Senger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28191","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-03752-1","article-title":"Longitudinal associations among hope, basic psychological needs satisfaction at school, and depressive symptom in elementary schoolchildren","volume":"42","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s12646-022-00653-y","article-title":"Bent, but not broken: Locus-of-hope and well-being among Malaysians facing economic challenges amidst the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"67","author":"Tee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Stud."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623873","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.623873","article-title":"Social support and hope mediate the relationship between gratitude and depression among front-line medical staff during the pandemic of COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6271","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01514-z","article-title":"Mental health of medical workers in Japan during COVID-19: Relationships with loneliness, hope and self-compassion","volume":"40","author":"Kotera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-011-9292-4","article-title":"Can hope be changed in 90 minutes? Testing the efficacy of a single-session goal-pursuit intervention for college students","volume":"13","author":"Feldman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Happiness Stud."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-022-01073-y","article-title":"How do mental health services foster hope? Experience of people accessing services","volume":"59","author":"Honey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Community Ment. Health J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1590\/2237-6089-2018-0105","article-title":"Effectiveness of mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavior therapy on anxiety, depression and hope in multiple sclerosis patients: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"42","author":"Pouyanfard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Psychiatry Psychother."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2022.100275","article-title":"Life skills training, hope, and health: An interventional study in the North West of Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"3","author":"Safaralizadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health Pract."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021897","article-title":"Master resilience training in the U.S. Army","volume":"66","author":"Reivich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608588","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.608588","article-title":"Psychological resilience, mental health, and inhibitory control among youth and young adults under stress","volume":"11","author":"Afek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Omari, O., Al Yahyaei, A., Wynaden, D., Damra, J., Aljezawi, M., Al Qaderi, M., Al Ruqaishi, H., Abu Shahrour, L., and ALBashtawy, M. (2023). Correlates of resilience among university students in Oman: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-022-01035-9"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.11606\/S1518-8787.2019053000391","article-title":"Resili\u00eancia e problemas de sa\u00fade mental em crian\u00e7as e adolescentes v\u00edtimas de viol\u00eancia","volume":"53","author":"Hildebrand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-021-01701-3","article-title":"Resilience and mental health among juveniles: Role of strategies for coping with stress","volume":"19","author":"Konaszewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"288","article-title":"The relationship between resilience & mental health among a sample of University of Nizwa students\u2014Sultanate of Oman","volume":"14","author":"Rudwan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00108","article-title":"The relationship between resilience and mental health in chinese college students: A longitudinal cross-lagged analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"3","article-title":"The main features of resilience in healthcare providers: A scoping review","volume":"36","author":"Sheikhrabori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. J. Islam. Repub. Iran"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11786329231198991","DOI":"10.1177\/11786329231198991","article-title":"Healthcare professionals\u2019 resilience during the COVID-19 and organizational factors that improve individual resilience: A mixed-method study","volume":"16","author":"Almeida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Serv. Insights"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21528","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17284-x","article-title":"Correlation between anxiety and resilience of healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in the southwest of Iran","volume":"29","author":"Rayani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendoza Bernal, I., S\u00e1nchez-Teruel, D., Robles-Bello, M.A., Sarhani-Robles, A., and Sarhani-Robles, M. (2023). Predictors of resilience in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study comparing the first and second waves. BMC Psychol., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01077-7"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Safiye, T., Guti\u0107, M., Dubljanin, J., Stojanovi\u0107, T.M., Dubljanin, D., Kova\u010devi\u0107, A., Zlatanovi\u0107, M., Demirovi\u0107, D.H., Nenezi\u0107, N., and Milidrag, A. (2023). Mentalizing, resilience, and mental health status among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20085594"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227848","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1227848","article-title":"Editorial: Resilience of mental health professionals following the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"14","author":"Galffy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"American Psychological Association (2020, February 01). Building Your Resilience. Available online: https:\/\/www.apa.org\/topics\/resilience\/building-your-resilience."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.11.011","article-title":"Promoting resilience in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic with a brief online intervention","volume":"146","author":"DeTore","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8578.12450","article-title":"The impact of a curriculum for resilience promotion in deaf children and adolescents","volume":"50","author":"Freitas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Spec. Educ."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2015.08.002","article-title":"Resilience training: A pilot study of a mindfulness-based program with depressed healthcare professionals","volume":"11","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Explore"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhp.2016.01.001","article-title":"Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) enhances distress tolerance and resilience through changes in mindfulness","volume":"4","author":"Nila","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ment. Health Prev."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2014.08.002","article-title":"Stress Management and Resiliency Training (SMART) program among Department of Radiology faculty: A pilot randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Sood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Explore"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.06.036","article-title":"Moderators of a resiliency group intervention for frontline clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"293","author":"Sylvia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linley, P.A., and Joseph, S. (2004). Fostering the future: Resilience theory and the practice of positive psychology. Positive Psychology in Practice, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470939338"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191103258144","article-title":"The development and psychometric evaluation of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale","volume":"11","author":"Sinclair","year":"2004","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20200283","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2020-0283","article-title":"Hope-based interventions in chronic disease: An integrative review in the light of Nightingale","volume":"73","author":"Laranjeira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Enfermagem"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Si\u0144ska, B., Jaworski, M., Panczyk, M., Traczyk, I., and Kucharska, A. (2021). The role of resilience and basic hope in the adherence to dietary recommendations in the Polish population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13062108"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097894","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1097894","article-title":"Sense of hope affects secondary school students\u2019 mental health: A moderated mediation model","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.5114\/hpr.2021.107336","article-title":"Coronavirus anxiety, fear of COVID-19, hope and resilience in healthcare workers: A moderated mediation model study","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"207640231216342","article-title":"Hope, resilience and subjective happiness among general population of Paraguay in the post COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"70","author":"Torales","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700021644","article-title":"A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire","volume":"9","author":"Goldberg","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"278","article-title":"Ulterior valida\u00e7\u00e3o do Question\u00e1rio de Sa\u00fade Geral de Goldberg de 28 itens","volume":"16","author":"Neto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psicol. Sa\u00fade Doen\u00e7as"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.60.4.570","article-title":"The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope","volume":"60","author":"Snyder","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Personal. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"Leal, I., Pais-Ribeiro, J., and Neves, S. (2006). Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para o estudo psicom\u00e9trico e estrutural da Escala de Esperan\u00e7a (de Futuro). Actas do 6\u00ba Congresso Nacional de Psicologia da Sa\u00fade, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"5","article-title":"Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o portuguesa da Escala Breve de Coping Resiliente","volume":"11","author":"Morais","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psicol. Sa\u00fade E Doen\u00e7as"}],"container-title":["Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/16\/12\/5123\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:59:34Z","timestamp":1760108374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/16\/12\/5123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["su16125123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su16125123","relation":{},"ISSN":["2071-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2071-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]]}}}