{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:32:09Z","timestamp":1777491129550,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi","award":["2023-CX-TD-41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-CX-TD-41"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) technology with solid wastes has significant potential for sustainable construction. However, the hardened mechanical properties of components manufactured using 3DCP technology are affected by weak interlayer interfaces, limiting the widespread application of 3DCP technology. To address the inherent limitations of 3DCP technology, conventional improvement strategies, such as external reinforcement and the optimization of material properties, lead to increased production costs, complex fabrication, and decreased automation. This study proposes an innovative spatial path optimization method to enhance the mechanical performance of 3D-printed, cement-based components. The novel S-path design introduces additional printed layers in the weak interlayer regions of the printed samples. This design improves the spatial distribution of fiber-reinforced filaments in continuous weak zones, thus enhancing the functional efficiency of fibers. This approach improves the mechanical performance of the printed samples, achieving compressive strengths close to those of cast samples and only a 20% reduction in average flexural strength. Compared to using a conventional printing path, the average compressive strength and flexural strength are improved by 30% and 55%, respectively, when the S-path layout is employed in 3DCP. Additionally, this method significantly reduces the anisotropy in compressive and flexural strengths to 26% and 28% of samples using conventional printing paths, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method can improve the mechanical properties and stability of the material, reducing the safety risks of printed structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su16219388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T08:42:09Z","timestamp":1730191329000},"page":"9388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Research on Mechanical Properties of a 3D Concrete Printing Component-Optimized Path by Multimodal Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Bolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of highway, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"},{"name":"CCCC First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710075, China"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCCC First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710075, China"}]},{"given":"Shilong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCCC First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710075, China"}]},{"given":"Xianda","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China"},{"name":"Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in Liyang, Chongqing University, Liyang 213300, China"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Yishuang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCCC First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710075, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCCC First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710075, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.5334\/bc.268","article-title":"Towards sufficiency and solidarity: COP27 implications for construction and property","volume":"3","author":"Ness","year":"2022","journal-title":"Build. 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