{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T22:16:01Z","timestamp":1776377761739,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04928\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04928\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/00681\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00681\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sustainability"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examines how Green Human Resource Management practices improve employees\u2019 eco-friendly behavior and green performance, and the mediator effect of affective commitment in these relationships. Our sample included 449 employees, from different Portuguese tourism organizations. The results demonstrate that the implementation of Green Human Resource Management practices produces a positive effect on eco-friendly behavior, green performance, and affective commitment, with commitment mediating the mentioned relationship. Therefore, when organizations apply greener Human Resources Management, they might influence positively the attitudes and behaviors of their employees, improving their affective commitment and, consequently, their eco-friendly behaviors and green performance. This research is innovative as it integrates Green Human Resource Management, eco-friendly behavior, green performance, and affective commitment in a single research model, expanding the knowledge over these topics, and suggesting that organizations should establish Green Human Resource Management policies, especially those that strengthen employees\u2019 affective attachment and improve their eco-friendly behavior as well as the organization\u2019s green performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/su162210005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T04:07:09Z","timestamp":1731902829000},"page":"10005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Green HRM\u2019s Effect on Employees\u2019 Eco-Friendly Behavior and Green Performance: A Study in the Portuguese Tourism Sector"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4115-5290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Education School, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CERNAS\u2014Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1228-2522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neuza","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CARME\u2014Centre of Applied Research in Management and Economics, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4143-4705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeBER\u2014Centre for Business and Economics Research, FEUC\u2014Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeBER\u2014Centre for Business and Economics Research, FEUC\u2014Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Semedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Tecnologias e Gest\u00e3o, University of Santiago, Assomada 7310, Cape Verde"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2015.0769","article-title":"It\u2019s not easy building green: The impact of public policy, private actors, and regional logics on voluntary standards adoption","volume":"61","author":"York","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad. 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